Rural pharmacist and consumer perspectives of expanded pharmacy services to address inequity in accessing health services.

Objectives: Australians living in rural and remote communities have inadequate access to health services, contributing to poorer health outcomes compared to their metropolitan counterparts. This study investigated consumers' and pharmacists' perspectives of expanded pharmacy services in rural and remote communities in Australia. It aims to identify the role of the pharmacist in addressing the inequity of access to healthcare through the provision of expanded services in rural and remote practice.

Comparison of Post-Operative Outcomes of Right Colectomy between Crohn's Disease and Adenocarcinoma of the Right Colon: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

(1) Crohn's disease (CD) and right-sided colorectal-carcinoma (CRC) are two common indications for right colectomies. Many studies have tried to identify risk factors associated with post-operative complications for both CD and CRC. However, data directly comparing the outcomes of the two are sparse.

Emergency Colectomies in the Elderly Population-Perioperative Mortality Risk-Factors and Long-Term Outcomes.

Background: As the population ages emergency surgeries among the elderly population, including colonic resections, is also increasing. Data regarding the short- and long-term outcomes in this population is scarce.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed to investigate mortality and mortality risk factors associated with emergent colectomies in older compared to younger patients in a single university affiliated tertiary hospital.

Readmission with acute kidney injury following ileostomy: patterns and predictors of a common phenomenon.

Purpose: Ileostomy is associated with various complications, often necessitating rehospitalization. High-output ileostomy is common and may lead to acute kidney injury (AKI). Here we describe the temporal pattern of readmission with AKI following ileostomy formation and identify risk factors.

Inflammatory markers may predict post-operative complications and recurrence in Crohn's disease patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.

Background: Most Crohn's Disease (CD) patients will require surgical intervention over their lifetime, with considerably high rates of post-operative complications. Risk stratification with reliable prognostic tools may facilitate clinical decision making in these patients. Blood cell interaction based inflammatory markers have proven useful in predicting patient outcomes in oncological and benign diseases.

The effect of the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic on sphincter preserving surgery for rectal cancer: A single referral center experience.

Background: COVID-19 has significantly impacted healthcare worldwide. Lack of screening and limited access to healthcare has delayed diagnosis and treatment of various malignancies. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic on sphincter-preserving surgery in patients with rectal cancer.

Pancreatic injuries following laparoscopic splenic flexure mobilization.

Purpose: To call awareness to pancreatic injury occurring following laparoscopic splenic flexure mobilization (LSFM) and to discuss the mechanisms which led to such an injury.

Methods: Retrospective review of patients who underwent LSFM as part of their colectomy procedure and sustained pancreatic injuries at a colorectal surgery referral center during 2014-2021.

Results: Of 1022 (0.

Use of indocyanine green fluorescence angiography during ileal J-pouch surgery requiring lengthening maneuvers.

Background: The purpose of this study was to review whether routine usage of indocyanine green (ICG) perfusion assessment during complex ileal J-pouch surgery requiring lengthening maneuvers reduces ischemic complications.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) who underwent ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) surgery with lengthening maneuvers and intraoperative ICG assessment between January 2015 and January 2021. All patients underwent a double stapled anastomosis and were temporarily diverted.

Redo ileocolic resection in Crohn's disease - does time passed since previous surgery matter?

Aim: Surgical resection for Crohn's disease (CD) remains noncurative, therefore recurrence is a significant problem. Although numerous factors affecting surgical outcomes in redo ileocolic resection have been previously described, no study has considered the relation between the interval of time from initial ileocolic resection to the redo procedure and its effect on surgical outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore this relationship.

Use of indocyanine green fluorescence guidance in redo ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease.

Aim: Redo ileocolic resection in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with significant technical challenges that may be associated with high complication rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of near-infrared fluorescence angiography with indocyanine green (ICG), often used to evaluate blood supply to the anastomosis in CD patients undergoing repeat ileocolic resection.

Method: This study was a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent redo ileocolic resection using ICG bowel perfusion assessment between 2015 and 2021.

The application of regenerative medicine in colorectal surgery.

Tissue reconstruction and regeneration represent one of the greatest challenges in any surgical field. Regenerative medicine combined with stem cell-based therapy is a novel and promising field of medicine. Stem cells possess the ability to differentiate into specialized cells and to decrease inflammation and therefore can play a role in repair or regeneration of damaged tissues.

Perineal reconstruction after extralevator abdominoperineal resection: Differences among minimally invasive, open, or open with a vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap approaches.

Background: Perineal wound complications after extralevator abdominoperineal resection for cancer are common with no consensus on optimal reconstructive technique. We compared short- and long-term results of laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection with open surgery ± vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap.

Methods: This is a single-institution retrospective observational study of 204 consecutive patients with advanced low rectal cancer who underwent extralevator abdominoperineal resection from January 2010 to August 2020.

Human Oral Mucosal Stem Cells Reduce Anastomotic Leak in an Animal Model of Colonic Surgery.

Background: Anastomotic leak is regarded as one of the most feared complications of bowel surgery; avoiding leaks is a major priority. Attempts to reduce or eliminate leaks have included alternate anastomotic techniques. Human oral mucosa stem cells (hOMSC) are self-renewing and expandable cells derived from buccal mucosa.

Indications for, and outcomes of, end ileostomy revision procedures.

Aim: Ileostomy complications have been reported in >70% of cases. Older studies have shown ileostomy revision to be required in 23%-38% of patients over a 5-10 year period. There is a paucity of recent data addressing ileostomy revision surgery.

Total Neoadjuvant Treatment for Rectal Cancer: Preliminary Experience.

Introduction: Administration of chemotherapeutic regimens such as FOLFOX or CAPEOX with chemoradiation in the neoadjuvant setting, termed total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT), was introduced in recent years. By increasing the complete pathologic and clinical responses, patients with locally advanced rectal cancer may have better oncologic outcomes and potentially abstain from undergoing a proctectomy.

Methods: All patients who underwent TNT at a single National Accreditation Program for Rectal Cancer accredited referral center were included.

The retro-ileal pull-through technique for colorectal and coloanal anastomosis.

Background: Performing a tension-free anastomosis following extensive left-sided colorectal resection can be challenging due to limited length. The retro-ileal pull-through approach, where the colon is carefully delivered to the pelvis through a mesenteric window made under the ileocolic vessels, is a technique to perform such an anastomosis.

Methods: This series is a retrospective review of patients who underwent a colorectal or coloanal anastomosis using the retro-ileal pull-through approach.

COVID-19: impact on colorectal surgery.

Aim: The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges for the medical and surgical healthcare systems. With the ongoing need for urgent and emergency colorectal surgery, including surgery for colorectal cancer, several questions pertaining to operating room (OR) utilization and techniques needed to be rapidly addressed.

Method: This manuscript discusses knowledge related to the critical considerations of patient and caregiver safety relating to personal protective equipment (PPE) and the operating room environment.

Timing of colostomy reversal following Hartmann's procedure for perforated diverticulitis.

Aim: Hartmann's procedure is the surgical treatment of choice for perforated acute diverticulitis. Hartmann's reversal (HR) that is performed at a later stage may be challenging. The optimal timing for HR is still a subject for controversy.

The effect of colonoscopy on intraocular pressure: an observational prospective study.

Purpose: Colonoscopy is an endoscopic examination of the bowel. It requires insufflation of the large bowel lumen with gas which leads to intraabdominal hypertension (IAH). There is evidence suggesting that IAH positively correlates with intracranial pressure (ICP) and possibly with intraocular pressure (IOP).

Halide-assisted metal ion reduction: emergent effects of dilute chloride, bromide, and iodide in nanoparticle synthesis.

Understanding the competing effects of growth-directing additives, such as halide ions, on particle formation in solution phase metal nanoparticle syntheses is an ongoing challenge. Further, trace halide impurities are known to have a drastic impact on particle morphology as well as reproducibility. Herein, we employ a "halide-free" platform as an analogue to commonly used halide-containing surfactants and metal precursors to isolate and study the effects of micromolar concentrations of halide ions (chloride, bromide, and iodide) on the rate of metal ion reduction.

Apical cell protrusions cause vertical deformation of the soft cancer nucleus.

Breast cancer nuclei have highly irregular shapes, which are diagnostic and prognostic markers of breast cancer progression. The mechanisms by which irregular cancer nuclear shapes develop are not well understood. Here we report the existence of vertical, apical cell protrusions in cultured MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.

The effect of bariatric surgery on hypothyroidism: Sleeve gastrectomy versus gastric bypass.

Background: Hypothyroidism is prevalent in morbidly obese patients and may improve after a weight reduction surgery.

Objectives: Laboratory and clinical changes in hypothyroid patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) or laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) were compared and evaluated.

Settings: Data were retrieved from a prospectively collected database of 2 public bariatric units.

Comparison between laparoscopic and open Hartmann's reversal: results of a decade-long multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Hartmann's reversal is a challenging surgical procedure with significant postoperative morbidity rates. Various surgical methods have been suggested to lower the risk of postoperative complications. In this study, we aimed to compare the postoperative results between open and laparoscopic techniques for Hartmann's reversal.