Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Perinatal Characteristics Predict 1-Year Respiratory Outcomes in Newborns Born at Extremely Low Gestational Age: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To assess the utility of clinical predictors of persistent respiratory morbidity in extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs).

Study Design: We enrolled ELGANs (<29 weeks' gestation) at ≤7 postnatal days and collected antenatal and neonatal clinical data through 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. We surveyed caregivers at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months' corrected age to identify postdischarge respiratory morbidity, defined as hospitalization, home support (oxygen, tracheostomy, ventilation), medications, or symptoms (cough/wheeze).

Modern Management of Nasal Hemangiomas.

Importance: Current treatment approaches for infantile hemangiomas of the nose include observation, pharmacologic agents, surgery, and/or laser therapy. Because of the known functional, social, and cosmetic effect of nasal deformities, obtaining the best possible result is critical. Optimal timing, type, duration, and extent of therapy remain unclear.

Autism, epilepsy, and synaptopathies: a not rare association.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders typically diagnosed in childhood, characterized by core social dysfunction, rigid and repetitive behaviors, restricted interests, and abnormal sensorial sensitivity. ASD belong to multifactorial diseases: both genetic and environmental factors have been considered as potential risk factors for their onset. ASD are often associated with neurological conditions: the co-occurrence of epilepsy is well documented and there is also evidence of a higher prevalence of EEG abnormalities with 4-86% of individuals with ASD presenting epileptiform or not epileptiform EEG abnormalities.

Return to Play After Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in National Football League Players.

Background: National Football League (NFL) players who undergo anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction have been shown to have a lower return to play (RTP) than previously expected. However, RTP in the NFL after revision ACL reconstruction (RACLR) is not well defined.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study is to determine the RTP of NFL players after RACLR and evaluate factors that predict RTP.

Ultrasound evaluation of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow: Which method is most reproducible?

Introduction: The ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) is an important medial stabilizer of the elbow, particularly in overhead-throwing athletes. However, there is no universally accepted method for evaluating UCL thickness with ultrasound (US).

Objective: To assess reproducibility of previously published methods, as well as a modified technique, for evaluating the UCL via US.

Titanium Ossicular Chain Reconstruction Revision Success and Preoperative Factors Predicting Success.

Objective Determine rates of success after revision titanium ossicular chain reconstruction with either partial or total ossicular replacement prosthesis and assess preoperative factors predicting positive outcomes. Study Design Case series with planned data collection. Setting Tertiary hospital.

Are schizophrenia, autistic, and obsessive spectrum disorders dissociable on the basis of neuroimaging morphological findings?: A voxel-based meta-analysis.

Schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SCZD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder (OCSD) are considered as three separate psychiatric conditions with, supposedly, different brain alterations patterns. From a neuroimaging perspective, this meta-analytic study aimed to address whether this nosographical differentiation is actually supported by different brain patterns of gray matter (GM) or white matter (WM) morphological alterations. We explored two possibilities: (a) to find out whether GM alterations are specific for SCZD, ASD, and OCSD; and (b) to associate the identified brain alteration patterns with cognitive dysfunctions by means of an analysis of lesion decoding.

Copy number variants analysis in a cohort of isolated and syndromic developmental delay/intellectual disability reveals novel genomic disorders, position effects and candidate disease genes.

Background: Array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) is a widely used technique to detect copy number variants (CNVs) associated with developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID).

Aims: Identification of genomic disorders in DD/ID.

Materials And Methods: We performed a comprehensive array-CGH investigation of 1,015 consecutive cases with DD/ID and combined literature mining, genetic evidence, evolutionary constraint scores, and functional information in order to assess the pathogenicity of the CNVs.

Pain Assessment After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Versus Hamstring Tendon Autograft.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common outpatient procedure that is accompanied by significant postoperative pain.

Purpose: To determine differences in acute pain levels between patients undergoing ACL reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) versus hamstring tendon (HS) autograft.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Beam broadening in transmission and conventional EBSD.

Transmission electron backscatter diffraction (t-EBSD) has become a routine technique for crystal orientation mapping when ultrahigh resolution is needed and has demonstrated advantages in the characterization of nanoscale and micron-sized samples (Babinsky et al., 2015). In this work, we use experimental measurements and simulations to compare the resolution of the transmission and conventional reflection EBSD techniques across a range of sample volumes and characterization conditions.

Relative individual workload changes may be a risk factor for rerupture of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction.

Background: With an increasing number of Major League Baseball (MLB) players undergoing ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction, there remains limited literature on appropriate post-reconstruction workload management to limit the risk of reinjury.

Methods: A total of 28 MLB pitchers who underwent primary UCL reconstruction surgery and subsequently required revision reconstruction were identified and compared with 137 MLB pitchers who underwent primary reconstruction but did not later require revision surgery. Games pitched, pitch counts, and innings pitched were evaluated and compared 3 years before and after primary reconstruction.

Major League pitching workload after primary ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction and risk for revision surgery.

Background: Literature has attempted to correlate pitching workload with risk of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury; however, limited data are available in evaluating workload and its relationship with the need for revision reconstruction in Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers.

Methods: We identified 29 MLB pitchers who underwent primary UCL reconstruction surgery and subsequently required revision reconstruction and compared them with 121 MLB pitchers who underwent primary reconstruction but did not later require revision surgery. Games pitched, pitch counts, and innings pitched were evaluated and compared for the seasons after returning from primary reconstruction and for the last season pitched before undergoing revision surgery.

The Randomized, Controlled Trial of Late Surfactant: Effects on Respiratory Outcomes at 1-Year Corrected Age.

Objective: To determine the effects of late surfactant on respiratory outcomes determined at 1-year corrected age in the Trial of Late Surfactant (TOLSURF), which randomized newborns of extremely low gestational age (≤28 weeks' gestational age) ventilated at 7-14 days to late surfactant and inhaled nitric oxide vs inhaled nitric oxide-alone (control).

Study Design: Caregivers were surveyed in a double-blinded manner at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months' corrected age to collect information on respiratory resource use (infant medication use, home support, and hospitalization). Infants were classified for composite outcomes of pulmonary morbidity (no PM, determined in infants with no reported respiratory resource use) and persistent PM (determined in infants with any resource use in ≥3 surveys).

A structural equation model looking at student's participatory behavior and their success in Calculus I.

Background: Government projections in the USA indicate that the country will need a million more science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) graduates above and beyond those already projected by the year 2022. Of crucial importance to the STEM pipeline is success in Calculus I, without which continuation in a STEM major is not possible. The STEM community at large, and mathematics instructors specifically, need to understand factors that influence and promote success in order to mitigate the alarming attrition trend.

Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn in Late Preterm and Term Infants in California.

Background And Objectives: There are limited epidemiologic data on persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). We sought to describe the incidence and 1-year mortality of PPHN by its underlying cause, and to identify risk factors for PPHN in a contemporary population-based dataset.

Methods: The California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development maintains a database linking maternal and infant hospital discharges, readmissions, and birth and death certificates from 1 year before to 1 year after birth.

Radiostereometric Evaluation of Tendon Elongation After Distal Biceps Repair.

Background: Operative repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures has shown successful outcomes. However, little is known about the amount of tendon or repair site lengthening after repair.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate distal biceps tendon repair via intratendinous radiostereometric analysis to analyze tendon lengthening at different time intervals of healing.

Spleen Behind the Heart Complicates Lung-to-Head Ratio Measurement in Left-Sided Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

In fetuses with left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intrathoracic herniation of the spleen is a common occurrence. The herniated spleen can reside posterior to the left atrium of the heart in the right hemithorax and is increasingly differentiated from the lung with the use of newer sonographic equipment. Estimation of the neonatal prognosis relies on accurate measurement of fetal lung size, particularly with commonly used measurements such as the lung-to-head ratio.

Diagnostic accuracy of methacholine challenge tests assessing airway hyperreactivity in asthmatic patients - a multifunctional approach.

Background: There are few studies comparing diagnostic accuracy of different lung function parameters evaluating dose-response characteristics of methacholine (MCH) challenge tests (MCT) as quantitative outcome of airway hyperreactivity (AHR) in asthmatic patients. The aim of this retrospectively analysis of our database (Clinic Barmelweid, Switzerland) was, to assess diagnostic accuracy of several lung function parameters quantitating AHR by dose-response characteristics.

Methods: Changes in effective specific airway conductance (sG) as estimate of the degree of bronchial obstruction were compared with concomitantly measured forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) and forced expiratory flows at 50% forced vital capacity (FEF).

Assessing the success of invasive species prevention efforts at changing the behaviors of recreational boaters.

Aquatic invasive species (AIS) pose major conservation challenges in freshwater ecosystems. In response, conservation organizations invest considerable resources in outreach to encourage AIS prevention behaviors among recreational boaters. Despite this, remarkably little is known about whether these efforts catalyze significant changes in boaters' perceptions, or whether they cause changes in behaviors that reduce AIS risk.

Detection of atomic force microscopy cantilever displacement with a transmitted electron beam.

The response time of an atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever can be decreased by reducing cantilever size; however, the fastest AFM cantilevers are currently nearing the smallest size that can be detected with the conventional optical lever approach. Here, we demonstrate an electron beam detection scheme for measuring AFM cantilever oscillations. The oscillating AFM tip is positioned perpendicular to and in the path of a stationary focused nanometer sized electron beam.

Dark-field image contrast in transmission scanning electron microscopy: Effects of substrate thickness and detector collection angle.

An annular dark field (ADF) detector was placed beneath a specimen in a field emission scanning electron microscope operated at 30kV to calibrate detector response to incident beam current, and to create transmission images of gold nanoparticles on silicon nitride (SiN) substrates of various thicknesses. Based on the linear response of the ADF detector diodes to beam current, we developed a method that allowed for direct determination of the percentage of that beam current forward scattered to the ADF detector from the sample, i.e.