β-Glucan reprograms neutrophils to promote disease tolerance against influenza A virus.

Disease tolerance is an evolutionarily conserved host defense strategy that preserves tissue integrity and physiology without affecting pathogen load. Unlike host resistance, the mechanisms underlying disease tolerance remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated whether an adjuvant (β-glucan) can reprogram innate immunity to provide protection against influenza A virus (IAV) infection.

Bayesian source apportionment and eco-probabilistic risk assessment of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the offshore area between the Deep Water Tano and West Cape three points blocks, Ghana.

This study investigates aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from offshore Ghana, focusing on their distribution, sources, and ecological risk. Samples were collected from 15 sites near Deep Water Tano and West Cape Three Points blocks. GC-FID and GC-MS analyses revealed higher concentrations in West Cape Three Points compared to Deep Water Tano.

Characterization of peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS) in a broad spectrum of neurological disorders.

Objective: Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS) have been identified in ophthalmological and neurological diseases. Since PHOMS were found more frequently in these cohorts compared to healthy controls, it is assumed that the presence of PHOMS reflects a secondary disease marker of unknown significance. The extent to which disease-specific differences are reflected in PHOMS has not yet been sufficiently investigated.

Visual acuity in the context of retinal neuroaxonal loss in people with epilepsy.

Objective: Recent studies reported a significant retinal neuroaxonal loss in people with epilepsy (PWE). However, the impact of these structural alterations on visual function, i.e.

Follow-up strategies after trimodal treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review.

Purpose: Optimal follow-up strategies following trimodal treatment for muscle invasive bladder cancer play a crucial role in detecting and managing relapse and side-effects. This article provides a comprehensive summary of the patterns and risk factors of relapse, functional outcomes, and follow-up protocols.

Methods: A systematic literature search on PubMed and review of current guidelines and institutional follow-up protocols after trimodal therapy were conducted.

Cut-offs for relapse detection in men with stage I testicular germ cell tumors during active surveillance within a prospective multicentre cohort study using either raw or housekeeper normalized miR-371a-3p serum levels.

Purpose: MiR-371a-3p represents a novel liquid biomarker that detects all histologies of germ-cell tumors (GCT) except teratoma. However, it is currently unclear whether miR-371a-3p results obtained directly from RT-PCR (raw Cq) or normalized for housekeeper genes and transformed into the relative quantity (RQ) value should be used and at what cut-off level. The purpose of this research was to evaluate, which values should be used, and a potential cut-off level for relapse-detection to inform subsequent studies.

BASOPHILS ACTIVATE PRURICEPTOR-LIKE VAGAL SENSORY NEURONS.

Vagal sensory neurons convey sensations from internal organs along the vagus nerve to the brainstem. Pruriceptors are a subtype of neurons that transmit itch and induce pruritus. Despite extensive research on the molecular mechanisms of itch, studies focusing on pruriceptors in the vagal ganglia still need to be explored.

Spindle-locked ripples mediate memory reactivation during human NREM sleep.

Memory consolidation relies in part on the reactivation of previous experiences during sleep. The precise interplay of sleep-related oscillations (slow oscillations, spindles and ripples) is thought to coordinate the information flow between relevant brain areas, with ripples mediating memory reactivation. However, in humans empirical evidence for a role of ripples in memory reactivation is lacking.

Posttraumatic survivor guilt is associated with white matter microstructure alterations.

Background: Military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly experience posttraumatic guilt. Guilt over commission or omission evolves when responsibility is assumed for an unfortunate outcome (e.g.

Long-term evaluation of anterior thalamic deep brain stimulation for epilepsy in the European MORE registry.

Objective: Short-term outcomes of deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT-DBS) were reported for people with drug-resistant focal epilepsy (PwE). Because long-term data are still scarce, the Medtronic Registry for Epilepsy (MORE) evaluated clinical routine application of ANT-DBS.

Methods: In this multicenter registry, PwE with ANT-DBS were followed up for safety, efficacy, and battery longevity.

Electrophysiological signatures of veridical head direction in humans.

Information about heading direction is critical for navigation as it provides the means to orient ourselves in space. However, given that veridical head-direction signals require physical rotation of the head and most human neuroimaging experiments depend upon fixing the head in position, little is known about how the human brain is tuned to such heading signals. Here we adress this by asking 52 healthy participants undergoing simultaneous electroencephalography and motion tracking recordings (split into two experiments) and 10 patients undergoing simultaneous intracranial electroencephalography and motion tracking recordings to complete a series of orientation tasks in which they made physical head rotations to target positions.

The effect of soil types, pH, and geographical locations on carcinogenic metal buildup in Oryza sativa cultivated in Ghana.

This study investigated the impact of soil type, pH, and geographical locations on the accumulation of arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in rice grains cultivated in Ghana. One hundred rice farms for the sampling of rice grains and soil were selected from two regions in Ghana-Volta and Oti. The concentrations of As, Pb, and Cd were analyzed using ICP-OES.

Dynamic equilibrium of skeletal muscle macrophage ontogeny in the diaphragm during homeostasis, injury, and recovery.

The diaphragm is a unique skeletal muscle due to its continuous activation pattern during the act of breathing. The ontogeny of macrophages, pivotal cells for skeletal muscle maintenance and regeneration, is primarily based on two distinct origins: postnatal bone marrow-derived monocytes and prenatal embryonic progenitors. Here we employed chimeric mice to study the dynamics of these two macrophage populations under different conditions.

Similar Binding Modes of cGMP Analogues Limit Selectivity in Modulating Retinal CNG Channels via the Cyclic Nucleotide-Binding Domain.

In treating , a genetic disorder causing progressive vision loss, selective inhibition of rod cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels holds promise. Blocking the increased Ca-influx in rod photoreceptors through CNG channels can potentially delay disease progression and improve the quality of life for patients. To find inhibitors for rod CNG channels, we investigated the impact of 16 cGMP analogues on both rod and cone CNG channels using the patch-clamp technique.

Meta-analysis in a digitalized world: A step-by-step primer.

In recent years, much research and many data sources have become digital. Some advantages of digital or Internet-based research, compared to traditional lab research (e.g.

Virus-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Causes Cardiomyopathy Through Eliciting Inflammatory Responses in the Heart.

Background: Viral infections can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), systemic inflammation, and secondary cardiovascular complications. Lung macrophage subsets change during ARDS, but the role of heart macrophages in cardiac injury during viral ARDS remains unknown. Here we investigate how immune signals typical for viral ARDS affect cardiac macrophage subsets, cardiovascular health, and systemic inflammation.

BioPrev-C - development and validation of a contemporary prostate cancer risk calculator.

Objectives: To develop a novel biopsy prostate cancer (PCa) prevention calculator (BioPrev-C) using data from a prospective cohort all undergoing mpMRI targeted and transperineal template saturation biopsy.

Materials And Methods: Data of all men who underwent prostate biopsy in our academic tertiary care center between 11/2016 and 10/2019 was prospectively collected. We developed a clinical prediction model for the detection of high-grade PCa (Gleason score ≥7) based on a multivariable logistic regression model incorporating age, PSA, prostate volume, digital rectal examination, family history, previous negative biopsy, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor use and MRI PI-RADS score.

Navigating the blurred path of mixed neuroimmune signaling.

Evolution has created complex mechanisms to sense environmental danger and protect tissues, with the nervous and immune systems playing pivotal roles. These systems work together, coordinating local and systemic reflexes to restore homeostasis in response to tissue injury and infection. By sharing receptors and ligands, they influence the pathogenesis of various diseases.

Outcome of Epilepsy Surgery in MRI-Negative Patients Without Histopathologic Abnormalities in the Resected Tissue.

Background And Objective: Patients with presumed nonlesional focal epilepsy-based on either MRI or histopathologic findings-have a lower success rate of epilepsy surgery compared with lesional patients. In this study, we aimed to characterize a large group of patients with focal epilepsy who underwent epilepsy surgery despite a normal MRI and had no lesion on histopathology. Determinants of their postoperative seizure outcomes were further studied.