Assessment of decision-making with locally run and web-based large language models versus human board recommendations in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery.

Introduction: Tumor boards are a cornerstone of modern cancer treatment. Given their advanced capabilities, the role of Large Language Models (LLMs) in generating tumor board decisions for otorhinolaryngology (ORL) head and neck surgery is gaining increasing attention. However, concerns over data protection and the use of confidential patient information in web-based LLMs have restricted their widespread adoption and hindered the exploration of their full potential.

Buffered 4% Articaine Reduces Pain and Enhances Anesthesia in Maxillary Third Molar Extractions: A Randomized, Double-Blind Split-Mouth Study.

: Buffered local anesthetics are suggested to enhance patient comfort and anesthetic efficacy during dental procedures. However, their advantages over non-buffered solutions in maxillary third molar extractions remain under-investigated. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, split-mouth study aimed to compare the efficacy of buffered versus non-buffered 4% articaine in terms of pain, anesthetic onset, and the duration of anesthesia during maxillary third molar extractions.

Immunogenicity, safety, and reactogenicity of concomitant administration of the novavax vaccine against Omicron XBB.1.5 (NVX-CoV2601) and a 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in adults aged ≥60 years: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority trial.

Objectives: There is conflicting evidence as to whether the combined administration of two vaccines can lead to poorer immunogenicity and reactogenicity. The co-administration of the Omicron-adapted COVID-19 vaccine from Novavax (NVX-CoV2601) and a 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) has not been previously investigated.

Methods: In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority trial, immunocompetent participants aged ≥60 years were randomised in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to four groups: NVX-CoV2601 plus PCV20 (combination group); NVX-CoV2601 plus placebo (NVX-only group); PCV20 plus placebo (PCV20-only group); or placebo plus placebo (placebo group).

AI in Dental Radiology-Improving the Efficiency of Reporting With ChatGPT: Comparative Study.

Background: Structured and standardized documentation is critical for accurately recording diagnostic findings, treatment plans, and patient progress in health care. Manual documentation can be labor-intensive and error-prone, especially under time constraints, prompting interest in the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to automate and optimize these processes, particularly in medical documentation.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of ChatGPT (OpenAI) in generating radiology reports from dental panoramic radiographs, comparing the performance of AI-generated reports with those manually created by dental students.

Investigating determinants of surgical success in excising basal cell and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck: A single-center retrospective analysis.

This study aimed to identify factors influencing the completeness of primary and re-excision of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and cutaneous carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the head and neck. A retrospective single-center analysis was conducted, encompassing 1513 instances of cutaneous tumors recorded between 2015 and 2022. This dataset comprised 1108 primary excisions and 405 re-excisions, all of which were histologically verified cases of BCC, SCC, and CIS located within the head and neck region.

The laterally closed coronally advanced flap: A case study.

Background: Several methods have been described for treating deep Cairo Class RT1 recessions. Most involve relieving incisions, which cause scar tissue formation or use a tunneled approach. This report introduces a modified technique for treating a single deep recession beyond the mucogingival margin.

Assessing cytotoxicity: a comparative analysis of biodegradable and conventional 3D-printing materials post-steam sterilization for surgical guides.

Ecological concerns and the depletion of petroleum resources have driven the exploration of biodegradable 3D-printing materials derived from bio-renewable sources, such as polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). This study aimed to compare the potential cytotoxic effects of a biodegradable PLA/PHA blend filament, a conventional photopolymer (MED610), and a combination of MED610 with a support material (SUP705) before and after steam sterilization in vitro, with a focus on their application in the production of surgical guides.PLA/PHA, MED610, and SUP705 (both in their pure and steam-sterilized forms;= 6 per group) were assessed for their cytotoxic effects on human fibroblasts using the neutral red uptake assay.

Evaluation of dental students' learning curve in intraligamentary anesthesia using different syringe systems: A prospective crossover study.

Purpose/objectives: This prospective crossover preclinical trial aimed to evaluate the learning curve of dental students in successfully administering intraligamentary anesthesia (ILA) using three different syringe systems.

Methods: Dental students performed ILA using three devices in two separate sessions, each targeting mandibular and/or maxillary premolars. The devices included two manual systems (pistol-type and lever-based) and one computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system (CCLAD).

The Effects of Smoking on Dental Implant Failure: A Current Literature Update.

This systematic review assesses the current literature (2020-2024) evaluating the impact of smoking on dental implant failure rates. A non-funded Pubmed database review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, and the results were tabulated to extract the study design, patient characteristics, follow-up time, comparison, outcome, and strengths and weaknesses, including risk of bias. This review included 33 studies with 29,519 implants placed in over 18,301 patients.

Botulinum toxin for bruxism treatment: a nationwide study among oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Germany.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the use of botulinum toxin (BTX) for the treatment of bruxism in oral and maxillofacial surgery in Germany.

Material And Methods: A dynamic online questionnaire comprising 7 to 25 questions was formulated to gather general and specific information regarding using BTX to treat bruxism. The questionnaire underwent internal and external assessments for validation.

Effects of volume management on free flap perfusion and metabolism in a large animal model study.

Free flap failure represents a substantial clinical burden. The role of intraoperative volume management remains controversial, with valid studies lacking. Here, using a large animal model, we investigated the influence of volume management on free flap perfusion and metabolism.

Cytotoxic impact of nicotine products on periodontal ligament cells.

Objectives: The primary objective of this in vitro experiment was an assessment of proliferative capacity, metabolic activity, and potential cellular detriment of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDL) exposed to cigarette smoke (CS), electronic cigarette vapor (eCV), and heated tobacco product aerosol (HTP), or air (control).

Materials And Methods: Using a CAD/CAM-designed exposition chamber, hPDL were exposed to CS, eCV, HTP, or air (control) based on the Health Canada Intense Smoking Regime. Cell proliferation, metabolic activity, and cellular detriment were assessed at various time points.

Xenogeneic matrix for basal cell carcinoma reconstruction: a case report.

This case report introduces an innovative approach for tissue regeneration post-total excision of basal cell carcinoma utilizing a xenogeneic collagen matrix coupled with injectable platelet-rich fibrin. The clinical outcome underscores the efficacy and predictability of this protocol in soft tissue regeneration. While further investigation on a larger patient cohort is warranted to fully elucidate its effects and advantages, this technique holds promise in streamlining surgical procedures following excision of extraoral neoplasms.

Addressing Model Uncertainties in Finite Element Simulation of Electrically Stimulated Implants for Critical-Size Mandibular Defects.

Objective: Electrical stimulation is known to enhance bone healing. Novel electrostimulating devices are currently being developed for the treatment of critical-size bone defects in the mandible. Previous numerical models of these devices did not account for possible uncertainties in the input data.

A comparative analysis of particulate bovine bone substitutes for oral regeneration: a narrative review.

Purpose: Particulate bovine bone substitutes (BS) are commonly used in oral regeneration. However, more literature is needed focusing on comparative analyses among various particulate bovine BS. This study evaluates pre-clinical and clinical data of different particulate bovine BS in oral regeneration.

Improving material properties of a poloxamer P407 hydrogel-based hydroxyapatite bone substitute material by adding silica-A comparative in vivo study.

The structure and handling properties of a P407 hydrogel-based bone substitute material (BSM) might be affected by different poloxamer P407 and silicon dioxide (SiO) concentrations. The study aimed to compare the mechanical properties and biological parameters (bone remodeling, BSM degradation) of a hydroxyapatite: silica (HA)-based BSM with various P407 hydrogels in vitro and in an in vivo rat model. Rheological analyses for mechanical properties were performed on one BSM with an SiO-enriched hydrogel (SPH25) as well on two BSMs with unaltered hydrogels in different gel concentrations (PH25 and PH30).

Towards optimized tissue regeneration: a new 3D printable bioink of alginate/cellulose hydrogel loaded with thrombocyte concentrate.

Introduction: Autologous platelet concentrate (APC) are pro-angiogenic and can promote wound healing and tissue repair, also in combination with other biomaterials. However, challenging defect situations remain demanding. 3D bioprinting of an APC based bioink encapsulated in a hydrogel could overcome this limitation with enhanced physio-mechanical interface, growth factor retention/secretion and defect-personalized shape to ultimately enhance regeneration.

The Perfect Timing-Immediate versus Delayed Microvascular Reconstruction of the Mandible.

In this retrospective study, the clinical and economic implications of microvascular reconstruction of the mandible were assessed, comparing immediate versus delayed surgical approaches. Utilizing data from two German university departments for oral and maxillofacial surgery, the study included patients who underwent mandibular reconstruction following continuity resection. The data assessed included demographic information, reconstruction details, medical history, dental rehabilitation status, and flap survival rates.

Interdisciplinary all-on-four® concept for mandibular jaw in dental education - do students benefit from individual 3d printed models from real patient cases?

Purpose: Digitalization is assuming increasing significance in dental education, as dental students are increasingly exposed to digital implant planning and contemporary technologies such as 3D printing. In this study, we present a cohort analysis aimed at assessing the potential benefits derived from the utilization of 3D prints to seamlessly translate planned procedures into real-life applications.

Methods: 21 dental students participated in a virtual planning and hands-on course across two cohorts (C1: n = 10, C2: n = 11).

DIGITAL DENTISTRY AND ITS IMPACT ON ORAL HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE.

Over the past 50 years, digitization has gradually taken root in dentistry, starting with computer tomography in the 1970s. The most disruptive events in digital dentistry were the introduction of digital workflow and computer-aided manufacturing, which made new procedures and materials available for dental use. While the conventional lab-based workflow requires light or chemical curing under inconsistent and suboptimal conditions, computer-aided manufacturing allows for industrial-grade material, ensuring consistently high material quality.

The bevel effect: a prospective, randomized investigation into needle design in dental intraligamentary anesthesia.

Objectives: This in vivo study aimed to assess the impact of needle bevel design on puncture pain, anesthetic success, and mechanical deformations in intraligamentary injection (ILA) cases, comparing a short triple facet cut (STF) to a triple lancet cut (TL) after single or repetitive use.

Materials And Methods: In a prospective single-blind trial, 200 ILA needles (STF, n = 100; TL, n = 100) were randomly assigned for dental procedures. Patients received ILA either with STF or TL needles, used once (group A; n = 50 each) or repeatedly (group B; n = 50).

Variability of the Cervical Branch Depending on the Facial Nerve Branching Pattern and Anthropometric Type of the Head.

(1) Background: Considering that the specialty literature supplies only general data about the variability of the cervical branch of the facial nerve, this study aimed to determine this branch's variation and individual peculiarities depending on the nerve branching pattern and anthropometric type of the head. (2) Methods: The study was conducted on 75 hemifaces of adult formalized cadavers. Ahead of anatomical dissection, each head was measured to establish the anthropometric type, according to Franco and colleagues.