CERNA SEARCH METHOD IDENTIFIED A MET-ACTIVATED SUBGROUP AMONG EGFR DNA AMPLIFIED LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA PATIENTS.

Given the diverse molecular pathways involved in tumorigenesis, identifying subgroups among cancer patients is crucial in precision medicine. While most targeted therapies rely on DNA mutation status in tumors, responses to such therapies vary due to the many molecular processes involved in propagating DNA changes to proteins (which constitute the usual drug targets). Though RNA expressions have been extensively used to categorize tumors, identifying clinically important subgroups remains challenging given the difficulty of discerning subgroups within all possible RNA-RNA networks.

Pharmaceutical service differences between teaching and community hospitals.

The purpose of this study was to inventory the highly specialized units maintained in teaching hospitals and compare and contrast the scope and level of pharmaceutical services provided in teaching and similar-size community hospitals. In 1989, a 30-item questionnaire was mailed to a sample of 120 teaching hospitals. The scope and level of services provided was compared with similar size hospitals in the 1989 American Society of Hospital Pharmacists' survey of hospital-based pharmaceutical services.

Nigerians' use of native and Western medicine for the same illness.

The impact of dual systems of health care on those who use them is not well understood. A study was undertaken in Nigeria to study this impact. A questionnaire about use of dual health care systems was prepared and tested and then administered to a study sample.

A drug self-administration program: a behavioral approach to patient education.

This study is an evaluation of an in-hospital patient education and drug self-administration program. The main goal of this patient education strategy was to increase appropriate drug use by patients after they were discharged from the hospital. Patients first learned about their medications from hospital staff, including pharmacists, and then gradually assumed the responsibility for self-administration of their drugs.

Chronopharmacology: a therapeutic frontier.

Chronopharmacology, the study of time-dependent physiological response to drugs, and its relationship to current drug therapy are discussed. The objective of chronotherapy is to apply chronobiologic principles to the treatment of human disease. The appropriate patients for chronotherapy are those who are receiving high-risk drugs, who have a high-risk disease (e.

Monitoring drug therapy in skilled nursing facility patients.

A discussion of one system designed for monitoring drug therapy in skilled nursing facility (SNF) patients is presented. This system will enable the pharmacist to fulfill the federal requirement for monitoring drug therapy and will provide the opportunity for gathering and analyzing drug usage data in fulfillment of the facility's utilization review requirement. The system described was developed and tested at five SNF's.

Drug usage review sample studies in long-term care facilities.

The usage of 10 drugs in five long-term care facilities was reviewed to evaluate the effectiveness of a five-step systematic method of drug usage review. Medical care evaluation sample studies are required under the Medicare and Medicaid programs, and drug usage review sample studies may satisfy this requirement. The five-step method involved selection of the health problem to be studied; development of criteria of care; measurement of specific performance data and comparison with the criteria; establishment of the audit committee evaluation process; and design and implementation of educational activities.

A client-developed methadone maintenance program.

A realistic methadone maintenance program is a continuum of four related areas: intake, rehabilitation with on-going evaluation, detoxification, and postdetoxification followup, each jointly administered by client volunteers and professional staff. In the early stages of client treatment, pharmacists have more frequent contact with program participants than do other staff professionals. At the Minneapolis Pilot City Health Center, 31 of 69 participants in the methadone maintenance program were interviewed by their pharmacist to determine client understanding of program objectives, interpretation of program effectiveness, and suggestions for program improvement.