Lack of a pharmacokinetic interaction between steady-state roflumilast and single-dose midazolam in healthy subjects.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of roflumilast, an investigational PDE4 inhibitor for the treatment of COPD and asthma, on the pharmacokinetics of the CYP3A probe drug midazolam and its major metabolites.

Methods: In an open, randomized (for midazolam treatment sequence) study, 18 healthy male subjects received single doses of midazolam (2 mg oral and 1 mg i.v.

Usefulness, usability, and quality criteria for noninvasive methods in cardiovascular clinical pharmacology.

Validation of study methods is a prerequisite for their usability. Empirical quality criteria based on test-theoretical principles are useful for this purpose. These criteria are discussed for several noninvasive methods used in cardiovascular clinical pharmacology: electrocardiography, systolic time intervals, blood pressure, and estimates of stroke volume.

[Evaluation of pharmacodynamic equivalence of glycerol trinitrate-containing sprays for oral administration with or without chlorofluorocarbons ].

Evaluation of Pharmacodynamic Equivalence of Glyceryl Trinitrate Sprays for Oral Application with or without Fluorochlorohydrocarbons. The pharmacodynamic equivalence of a fluorochlorohydrocarbons(FCH)-free vs a FCH-containing glyceryl trinitrate (NTG, CAS 55-63-0) spray was investigated. Three oral sprays were administered at 24 h intervals to 9 male and 6 female healthy subjects in a double-blind placebo-controlled period-balanced 3-way cross-over study design: treatment NT (FCH-free, NTG-containing spray, dose of 0.

Clinical pharmacodynamic studies with cilazapril and a combination of cilazapril and propranolol.

We evaluated the degree of inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), principally by cilazapril, by assessing the blood pressure response to a continuous infusion of increasing doses of angiotensin I, and assessed the possible pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between cilazapril and propranolol in healthy volunteers and patients with mild to severe essential hypertension. The specificity of the angiotensin I infusion method was verified when a single dose of cilazapril 30mg antagonised the increase in diastolic blood pressure induced by angiotensin I but did not influence the response to angiotensin II. Using this method, we showed that single oral doses of cilazapril 4 mg, captopril 25 mg and enalapril 10mg shifted the angiotensin I dose-effect curve to the right and determined a pharmacological half-life of about 4 hours for cilazapril.

Does the combination of cilazapril and propranolol lower blood pressure at rest and during exercise more pronouncedly than either of the two components given alone?

The efficacy of three antihypertensive treatments given for 3 weeks each, 2.5 mg cilazapril, a new potent long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, 120 mg propranolol, and the combination of both, were compared in 17 patients suffering from essential hypertension. Blood pressure control (i.