Sucrose-preferring gut microbes prevent host obesity by producing exopolysaccharides.

Commensal bacteria affect host health by producing various metabolites from dietary carbohydrates via bacterial glycometabolism; however, the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we identified Streptococcus salivarius as a unique anti-obesity commensal bacterium. We found that S.

Maternal circadian rhythms during pregnancy dictate metabolic plasticity in offspring.

Tissue-level oscillation is achieved by tissue-intrinsic clocks along with network-dependent signals originating from distal organs and organismal behavior. Yet, it remains unexplored whether maternal circadian rhythms during pregnancy influence fetal rhythms and impact long-term susceptibility to dietary challenges in offspring. Here, we demonstrate that circadian disruption during pregnancy decreased placental and neonatal weight yet retained transcriptional and structural maturation.

Recycling of Uridylated mRNAs in Starfish Embryos.

In eukaryotes, mRNAs with long poly(A) tails are translationally active, but deadenylation and uridylation of these tails generally cause mRNA degradation. However, the fate of uridylated mRNAs that are not degraded quickly remains obscure. Here, using tail-seq and microinjection of the 3' region of mRNA, we report that some mRNAs in starfish are re-polyadenylated to be translationally active after deadenylation and uridylation.

HTE-Enabled Development of an Ene-Reductase-Catalyzed Desymmetrization: Remote Control of All-Carbon Quaternary γ-Centers.

We report the remote stereocontrol of all-carbon quaternary γ-centers via an ene-reductase (ERED)-catalyzed desymmetrization of prochiral cyclohexadienones. By leveraging high-throughput experimentation (HTE) protocols, we were able to rapidly identify EREDs capable of desymmetrizing both spirocyclic cyclohexadienones and non-spirocyclic 2,6-disubstituted cyclohexadienone substrates in up to 85% yield with excellent levels of stereoselectivity (up to >99% ee and >20:1 dr) under mild reaction conditions.

A machine learning model for predicting worsening renal function using one-year time series data in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background And Aims: To prevent end-stage renal disease caused by diabetic kidney disease, we created a predictive model for high-risk patients using machine learning.

Methods And Results: The reference point was the time at which each patient's estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) first fell below 60 mL/min/1.73 m.

Mild hyperthermia upregulates PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment and enhances antitumor efficacy of PD-L1 blockade in murine squamous cell carcinoma.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a low five-year survival rate because of its high rate of recurrence and metastasis. After surgical resection or radiation, the main treatments for HNSCC, patients sometimes experience functional or aesthetic disorders. Therefore, there is a great demand for the development of non-surgical treatment strategies to improve clinical outcomes and patients' quality of life.

The Ni isotopic composition of Ryugu reveals a common accretion region for carbonaceous chondrites.

The isotopic compositions of samples returned from Cb-type asteroid Ryugu and Ivuna-type (CI) chondrites are distinct from other carbonaceous chondrites, which has led to the suggestion that Ryugu/CI chondrites formed in a different region of the accretion disk, possibly around the orbits of Uranus and Neptune. We show that, like for Fe, Ryugu and CI chondrites also have indistinguishable Ni isotope anomalies, which differ from those of other carbonaceous chondrites. We propose that this unique Fe and Ni isotopic composition reflects different accretion efficiencies of small FeNi metal grains among the carbonaceous chondrite parent bodies.

A novel reopenable clip with sharp claw for complete closure of mucosal defects after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Background: The MANTIS Closure Device (MCD; Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA) is a reopenable clip with a sharp claw used for closure after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the MCD for fast and complete closure after colorectal ESD.

Methods: Cases involving closure with the MCD after ESD of 20-60-mm colorectal lesions between April 2023 and January 2024 were reviewed.

Real-world genome profiling in Japanese patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma focusing on HRD implications.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) poses significant challenges due to its high mortality, making it a critical area of research. This retrospective observational study aimed to analyze real-world data from comprehensive genome profiling (CGP) of Japanese patients with PDAC, mainly focusing on differences in gene detection rates among panels and the implications for homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) status. This study enrolled 2568 patients with PDAC who had undergone CGP between June 2019 and December 2021 using data from the nationwide Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics database.

Outcomes in peripheral right ventricular device support: Comparing the dual lumen, single canula and femoral vein cannulation strategies for right ventricular support.

Introduction: The Protek Duo (PtD) dual lumen, single cannula was developed as a percutaneous system for temporary mechanical support, inserted through the internal jugular vein (IJ) for both atrial inflow and pulmonary artery outflow. Outcomes of PtD compared to alternative Peripheral Right Ventricular Assist Device (pRVAD) methods are limited.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of pRVAD recipients from January 2017 - February 2022 ( = 111).

Identification of Nonsynonymous SNPs in Immune-Related Genes Associated with Pneumonia Severity in Pigs.

We previously showed that several polymorphisms in genes encoding pattern recognition receptors that cause amino acid substitutions alter pathogen recognition ability and disease susceptibility in pigs. In this study, we expanded our analysis to a wide range of immune-related genes and investigated polymorphism distribution and its influence on pneumonia in multiple commercial pig populations. Among the polymorphisms in 42 genes causing 634 amino acid substitutions extracted from the swine genome database, 80 in 24 genes were found to have a minor allele frequency of at least 10% in Japanese breeding stock pigs via targeted resequencing.

Magnetism of pseudospin-1/2 pyrochlore antiferromagnet NaCo(CO)Cl.

Pyrochlore magnets have attracted interest as systems for realizing critical phenomena, rich magnetic structures, associated topological band structures, and nontrivial quantum phases. NaCo(CO)Cl is a pseudospin-1/2 antiferromagnet in which the Coions form a pyrochlore network. Its structural and magnetic properties were investigated using magnetization, heat capacity, ESR, single-crystal x-ray diffraction, powder neutron diffraction and powder inelastic neutron scattering.

Formohyperins G-L, polycyclic prenylated benzoylphloroglucinols from the flowers of Hypericum formosanum.

Phytochemical study on the flowers of Hypericum formosanum Maxim. (Hypericaceae) led to the isolation of formohyperins G-L (1-6), whose structures were assigned by detailed spectroscopic analysis. Formohyperins G-L (1-6) are new benzoylphloroglucinols substituted by a C unit, a prenyl group, and a methyl group.

Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the achievement of guideline targets for HbA1c, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol in people with diabetes in Japan.

Objective: In this study, we investigated whether the COVID-19 pandemic affected achievement of guideline targets for HbA1c, blood pressure (BP), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in people with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Materials And Methods: Data for 556 people with DM who were treated regularly for 4 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan were analyzed in this retrospective study. Achieved targets were defined as HbA1c < 7.

A sensor-augmented pump with a predictive low-glucose suspend system could lead to an optimal time in target range during pregnancy in Japanese women with type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: It is challenging for pregnant women with type 1 diabetes to maintain optimum glucose level to attain good neonatal outcomes. This study evaluated the efficacy of sensor-augmented insulin pump (SAP) with a predictive low-glucose suspend (PLGS) system in pregnant Japanese women with type 1 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: SAP with PLGS was used in 11 of the 22 women with type 1 diabetes who delivered between 2011 and 2021 at the two medical institutions in Japan.

Impact of body surface area on efficacy and safety in patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer treated with osimertinib as a first-line treatment.

Background: The most recommended treatment for stage IV EGFR-positive lung cancer is osimertinib monotherapy. The dosage of osimertinib is fixed at 80 mg/day regardless of body surface area (BSA), however some patients withdraw or reduce the dosage due to adverse events (AEs).

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 98 patients with EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), who received 80 mg osimertinib as the initial treatment.