Current status of pulmonary rehabilitation and impact on prognosis of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in South Korea.

Background: The benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have been limited to improving dyspnea, exercise capacity, and quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to assess the current status of PR and its effect on prognosis.

Methods: The Nationwide Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database was used in this study.

Impact of antifibrotic therapy on lung cancer incidence and mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are at risk of lung cancer development. Antifibrotic therapy could slow disease progression of IPF, but there is limited data on its effectiveness on lung cancer. Here, we aimed to investigate lung cancer incidence and the risk of mortality of patients with IPF receiving antifibrotic therapy.

Evaluation of Glutathione T in the Human Brain Using J-Difference MRS at 3 T: Multicenter Multivendor Study.

The need to quantify brain glutathione (GSH) accurately by J-difference spectroscopy has stimulated assessment of the TE effects on GSH edited signals at the popular field strength 3 T. We performed multiple-TE J-difference MRS at two sites to evaluate the GSH T relaxation and TE dependence of the GSH signal resolution. Two 10-ms spectrally selective Gaussian editing RF pulses were implemented in 3 T MEGA-PRESS sequences at two sites having different vendors.

Autogene cevumeran with or without atezolizumab in advanced solid tumors: a phase 1 trial.

Effective targeting of somatic cancer mutations to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy requires an individualized approach. Autogene cevumeran is a uridine messenger RNA lipoplex-based individualized neoantigen-specific immunotherapy designed from tumor-specific somatic mutation data obtained from tumor tissue of each individual patient to stimulate T cell responses against up to 20 neoantigens. This ongoing phase 1 study evaluated autogene cevumeran as monotherapy (n = 30) and in combination with atezolizumab (n = 183) in pretreated patients with advanced solid tumors.

Evaluation of an assistive exosuit for alleviating neck and shoulder muscle fatigue during prolonged flexed neck posture.

Introduction: Neck pain affects 203 million people globally and is prevalent in various settings due to factors like poor posture, lack of exercise, and occupational hazards. Therefore, addressing ergonomic issues with solutions like a wearable robotic device is crucial. This research presents a novel assistive exosuit, characterized by its slim and lightweight structure and intuitive control without the use of hands, designed to mitigate muscle fatigue in the neck and shoulders during prolonged flexed neck posture.

Factors Associated with Lamina Cribrosa Microvasculature Determined via Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Prcis: The lamina cribrosa microvasculature reduction was associated with the posterior deformation of lamina cribrosa, as well as the functional deterioration, in all spectrums of open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate the factors associated with the lamina cribrosa vessel density (LCVD) determined via swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA).

Materials And Methods: The optic nerve head (ONH) scan was obtained using SS-OCTA (PLEX Elite 9000; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc.

Imlunestrant with or without Abemaciclib in Advanced Breast Cancer.

Background: Imlunestrant is a next-generation, brain-penetrant, oral selective estrogen-receptor (ER) degrader that delivers continuous ER inhibition, even in cancers with mutations in the gene encoding ERα ().

Methods: In a phase 3, open-label trial, we enrolled patients with ER-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced breast cancer that recurred or progressed during or after aromatase inhibitor therapy, administered alone or with a cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor. Patients were assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive imlunestrant, standard endocrine monotherapy, or imlunestrant-abemaciclib.

Histologic Reaction Patterns of Lymph Node Involvement in Ovarian Serous Borderline Tumors.

Context.—: Lymph node (LN) involvement (LNI) is not infrequently observed in ovarian serous borderline tumors (SBTs) but is not considered equivalent to malignant tumor metastasis, as it reportedly does not impact recurrence or survival in patients with SBT. However, the reasons underlying the insignificant clinical impact of LNI remain unclear.

Developing a Canadian artificial intelligence medical curriculum using a Delphi study.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) education into medical curricula is critical for preparing future healthcare professionals. This research employed the Delphi method to establish an expert-based AI curriculum for Canadian undergraduate medical students. A panel of 18 experts in health and AI across Canada participated in three rounds of surveys to determine essential AI learning competencies.

Co(II)-Cu(II) mixed-oxide catalysts for single-step synthesis of 2,4,5-triaryl-1-imidazole derivatives under microwave irradiation.

In this study, a catalyst composite of Co-Cu was prepared from chloride-containing precursor of Co(II) and Cu(II) metals using the milky latex of the plant following green principles of synthesis. The catalyst composite was characterized using XRD, EDAX, SEM, HR-TEM, FTIR, XPS and TOF-MS. The crystallinity of the mixed-oxide composite with a distorted octahedral nature was confirmed from analysis.

Cancer information and population health resource: a resource for catchment area data and cancer outcomes research.

Background: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center has developed a novel data resource, the Cancer Information and Population Health Resource (CIPHR), for conducting catchment area evaluation and cancer population health research that links the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry (NCCCR) to medical and pharmacy claims data from Medicare, Medicaid, and private plans operating within North Carolina. This study's aim was to describe the CIPHR data and provide examples of potential cohorts available in those data.

Methods: We present the underlying populations included in the NCCCR and claims data before linkage and demonstrate estimated sample sizes when these data are linked and commonly used insurance enrollment criteria are applied.

Digestive Profiles of Human Milk, Recombinant Human and Bovine Lactoferrin: Comparing the Retained Intact Protein and Peptide Release.

Lactoferrin (LF) is a major component of human milk. LF supplementation (currently bovine) supports the immune system and helps maintain iron homeostasis in adults. No recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF) is available for commercial food use.

Longitudinal Changes in a Claims-Based Frailty Proxy Measure Compared to Concurrent Changes in the Fried Frailty Phenotype.

Background: Frailty is a dynamic aging-related syndrome, but measuring frailty transitions is challenging. The Faurot frailty index is a validated Medicare claims-based frailty proxy based on demographic and billing information. We evaluated whether 3-year changes in the Faurot frailty index were consistent with concurrent changes in the frailty phenotype in a cohort of older adults.

A Case-based Guide for World Health Organization (WHO) Grade 2 Meningioma Radiosurgery and Radiation Therapy from The Radiosurgery Society.

Purpose: Meningiomas represent the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system. Current treatment options include surgical resection with or without adjuvant radiation therapy (RT), definitive RT, and observation. However, the radiation dose, fractionation, and margins used to treat patients with WHO grade 2 meningiomas, which account for approximately 20% of all meningiomas, are not clearly defined, and deciding on the optimal treatment modality can be challenging owing to the lack of randomized data.

Elucidating immune-related gene transcriptional programs via factorization of large-scale RNA-profiles.

Recent developments in immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT), have encountered challenges such as immune-related adverse events and resistance, especially in solid tumors. To advance the field, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind treatment responses and resistance is essential. However, the lack of functionally characterized immune-related gene sets has limited data-driven immunological research.

A preliminary study of super-resolution deep learning reconstruction with cardiac option for evaluation of endovascular-treated intracranial aneurysms.

Objectives: To investigate the usefulness of super-resolution deep learning reconstruction (SR-DLR) with cardiac option in the assessment of image quality in patients with stent-assisted coil embolization, coil embolization, and flow-diverting stent placement compared with other image reconstructions.

Methods: This single-centre retrospective study included 50 patients (mean age, 59 years; range, 44-81 years; 13 men) who were treated with stent-assisted coil embolization, coil embolization, and flow-diverting stent placement between January and July 2023. The images were reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP), hybrid iterative reconstruction (IR), and SR-DLR.

CD28 Costimulation Augments CAR Signaling in NK Cells via the LCK/CD3ζ/ZAP70 Signaling Axis.

Multiple factors in the design of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) influence CAR T-cell activity, with costimulatory signals being a key component. Yet, the impact of costimulatory domains on the downstream signaling and subsequent functionality of CAR-engineered natural killer (NK) cells remains largely unexplored. Here, we evaluated the impact of various costimulatory domains on CAR-NK cell activity, using a CD70-targeting CAR.