Treatment pattern and clinical outcomes of remdesivir in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe chronic kidney disease: a database analysis of acute care hospitals in Japan.

Background: There is limited evidence on clinical outcomes and treatment pattern in Japanese patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD), hospitalized for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to describe patient characteristics, treatment pattern, and clinical outcomes in Japanese patients with severe CKD, hospitalized for COVID-19 who received remdesivir (RDV).

Methods: We used the anonymized claims database from Medical Data Vision Co.

Fabrication of 2D/2D BiMoO/S@g-CN type-II heterojunction photocatalyst for enhanced visible-light-mediated degradation of tetracycline in wastewater.

Aquatic biota and human health are seriously threatened by the dramatic rise in antibiotics in environmental matrices. In this regard, the present study aims to improve knowledge of the combined effects of heterojunction design and defect engineering on the photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals in aqueous matrices. Advantageously, the positioning of the valence band (VB) and conduction band (CB) levels of S@g-CN, being higher than those of BiMoO, demonstrates the feasibility of forming a type-II heterojunction between these materials.

Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of immunocompromised patients with COVID-19 receiving remdesivir in the inpatient setting in Japan.

Introduction: Remdesivir (RDV) was approved in Japan for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in May 2020. However, large-scale research describing the characterized use of RDV in the inpatient setting in Japan is limited. This study aimed to describe the treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of immunocompromised patients with COVID-19 treated with RDV.

Antibiotic Treatment for 7 versus 14 Days in Patients with Bloodstream Infections.

Background: Bloodstream infections are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Early, appropriate antibiotic therapy is important, but the duration of treatment is uncertain.

Methods: In a multicenter, noninferiority trial, we randomly assigned hospitalized patients (including patients in the intensive care unit [ICU]) who had bloodstream infection to receive antibiotic treatment for 7 days or 14 days.

Structure and inhibition mechanisms of essential transporter efflux protein A.

A broad chemical genetics screen in to identify inhibitors of established or previously untapped targets for therapeutic development yielded compounds (BRD-8000.3 and BRD-9327) that inhibit the essential efflux pump EfpA. To understand the mechanisms of inhibition by these compounds, we determined the structures of EfpA with inhibitors bound at 2.

Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Generation by Ni-PNP Pincer Complexes: Role of Phosphorus Substituents in Tuning the Reactivity.

Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (eHER) is crucial in addressing the growing global energy demand. Although nickel-pincer-based molecular complexes, varying in donor atoms, were studied previously for eHER, the impact of variations in the substituents attached to the donor atoms was not investigated. Herein, three air-stable PNP-based Ni-pincer complexes [R1=R2=Ph (7); R1=R2=Bu (9); R1=Bu, R2=Ph (10)], varying solely in P-substituents, were studied in acetonitrile.

Intracameral Anaesthetic Mydriatic Versus Topical Mydriasis in Pediatric Cataract Surgery: A Randomized Control Study.

Purpose: To compare pupil dynamics after using premixed intracameral anesthetic mydriatic combination (ICAM) of phenylephrine (0.31%), tropicamide (0.02%), and lidocaine (1%) versus topical mydriatic (TM) drops consisting of tropicamide 0.

The Roles of Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System US and Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System MRI in the Evaluation of Adnexal Lesions.

The Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) is an evidence-based clinical support system for ovarian and adnexal lesion assessment in women of average risk. The system has both US and MRI components with separate but complementary lexicons and assessment categories to assign the risk of malignancy. US is an appropriate initial imaging modality, and O-RADS US can accurately help to characterize most adnexal lesions.

Regulatory systems and requirements for clinical trials of AAV-based gene therapies - Perspectives from six Asian countries or regions: Report from the 6th Asia Partnership Conference of Regenerative Medicine - April 20, 2023.

Gene therapies, which include viral-vector gene delivery, genome editing, and genetically modified cell therapy, are innovative treatments with the potential to address the underlying genetic causes of disorders and to provide life-changing value in terms of curing disease. Although adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy is one of the most advanced types of gene therapy, far fewer AAV-based gene therapy studies have been conducted in Asia than in North America and Europe. The 6th Asia Partnership Conference of Regenerative Medicine (APACRM) was held on April 20, 2023 in Tokyo, Japan.

Photoproduction of K^{+}K^{-} Pairs in Ultraperipheral Collisions.

K^{+}K^{-} pairs may be produced in photonuclear collisions, either from the decays of photoproduced ϕ(1020) mesons or directly as nonresonant K^{+}K^{-} pairs. Measurements of K^{+}K^{-} photoproduction probe the couplings between the ϕ(1020) and charged kaons with photons and nuclear targets. The kaon-proton scattering occurs at energies far above those available elsewhere.

Effects of Low-Level Light Therapy on Resting-State Connectivity Following Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury: Secondary Analyses of a Double-blinded Placebo-controlled Study.

Background Low-level light therapy (LLLT) has been shown to modulate recovery in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the impact of LLLT on the functional connectivity of the brain when at rest has not been well studied. Purpose To use functional MRI to assess the effect of LLLT on whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in patients with moderate TBI at acute (within 1 week), subacute (2-3 weeks), and late-subacute (3 months) recovery phases.

Diagnostic Yield of CSF Testing in Infants for Disorders of Biogenic Amine Neurotransmitter Metabolism.

Background And Objectives: Biochemical testing of CSF for neurotransmitter metabolites and their cofactors is often used in the diagnostic evaluation of infants with neurologic disorders but requires an invasive, labor-intensive procedure with many potential sources of error. Our aim was to determine the diagnostic yield of CSF testing for biogenic amines (serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine) and their cofactors in identifying inborn errors of neurotransmitter metabolism among infants.

Methods: We evaluated all infants aged 1 year or younger who underwent CSF biogenic amine neurotransmitter (CSFNT) testing at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Boston Children's Hospital (BCH) between 2008 and 2017 in this cross-sectional study.

Fixed dose combination of low dose pregabalin and duloxetine, or pregabalin monotherapy for neuropathic pain: A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study.

Treatment of neuropathic pain is challenging. Pregabalin and duloxetine are used as first-line therapy. Various international guidelines recommend a combination of first-line agents for the management of neuropathic pain.

Baseline findings of a multicentric ambispective cohort study (2021-2022) among hospitalised mucormycosis patients in India.

In India, the incidence of mucormycosis reached high levels during 2021-2022, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to this, we established a multicentric ambispective cohort of patients hospitalised with mucormycosis across India. In this paper, we report their baseline profile, clinical characteristics and outcomes at discharge.

RAS/RAF Comutation and ERBB2 Copy Number Modulates HER2 Heterogeneity and Responsiveness to HER2-directed Therapy in Colorectal Cancer.

Purpose: ERBB2-amplified colorectal cancer is a distinct molecular subtype with expanding treatments. Implications of concurrent oncogenic RAS/RAF alterations are not known.

Experimental Design: Dana-Farber and Foundation Medicine Inc.

Degradation of Ampicillin with antibiotic activity removal using persulfate and submersible UVC LED: Kinetics, mechanism, electrical energy and cost analysis.

Effective water treatment to remove antibiotics and its activity from contaminated water is urgently needed to prevent antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) emergence. In this study, we investigated degradation of Ampicillin (AMP), an extensively used β-lactam antibiotic, using submersible Ultraviolet C Light Emitting Diode (λ = 276 nm) irradiation source, and Persulfate (UVC LED/PS system). Pseudo first order rate constant (k) for degradation of AMP (1 ppm) by UVC LED/PS system was determined to be 0.

Dabrafenib plus trametinib versus anti-PD-1 monotherapy as adjuvant therapy in V600-mutant stage III melanoma after definitive surgery: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study.

Background: Both dabrafenib/trametinib (D/T) and anti-PD-1 monotherapy (PD-1) are approved adjuvant therapies for patients with stage III V600-mutant melanoma. However, there is still a lack of head-to-head comparative data. We aimed to describe efficacy and toxicity outcomes for these two standard therapies across melanoma centers.

Anti-GM-CSF otilimab versus tofacitinib or placebo in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to conventional or biologic DMARDs: two phase 3 randomised trials (contRAst 1 and contRAst 2).

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy and safety of otilimab, an antigranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor antibody, in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods: Two phase 3, double-blind randomised controlled trials including patients with inadequate responses to methotrexate (contRAst 1) or conventional synthetic/biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cs/bDMARDs; contRAst 2). Patients received background csDMARDs.

Mechanisms, predictors, and evolution of severe peri-device leaks with two different left atrial appendage occluders.

Aims: Incomplete left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) due to peri-device leak (PDL) is a limitation of the therapy. The Amulet IDE trial is the largest randomized head-to-head trial comparing the Amulet and Watchman 2.5 LAAO devices with fundamentally different designs.

Incorporating ion-specific van der Waals and soft repulsive interactions in the Poisson-Boltzmann theory of electrical double layers.

Electrical double layers (EDLs) arise when an electrolyte is in contact with a charged surface, and are encountered in several application areas including batteries, supercapacitors, electrocatalytic reactors, and colloids. Over the last century, the development of Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) models and their modified versions have provided significant physical insight into the structure and dynamics of the EDL. Incorporation of physics such as finite-ion-size effects, dielectric decrement, and ion-ion correlations has made such models increasingly accurate when compared to more computationally expensive approaches such as molecular simulations and classical density functional theory.

First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: 5-year outcomes in Japanese patients from CheckMate 227 Part 1.

Background: In CheckMate 227 Part 1 (NCT02477826), first-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab demonstrated long-term durable overall survival (OS) benefit versus chemotherapy in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), regardless of tumor programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. We report results in Japanese patients with ≥ 5-year follow-up.

Methods: Adults with stage IV/recurrent NSCLC without EGFR/ALK aberrations were randomized 1:1:1 to nivolumab plus ipilimumab, nivolumab alone, or chemotherapy (patients with tumor PD-L1 ≥ 1%), or nivolumab plus ipilimumab, nivolumab plus chemotherapy, or chemotherapy (patients with tumor PD-L1 < 1%).

Gaps in Guideline-Based Lipid-Lowering Therapy for Secondary Prevention in the United States: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 322 153 Patients.

Background: Many patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) are not on guideline-recommended statin therapy. We evaluated utilization of statins and other lipid-lowering therapy (LLT), and changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), among patients with ASCVD over a 1-year period.

Methods: LLT and LDL-C levels at the first outpatient visit (January 1, 2017-December 31, 2018) and 1-year follow-up were evaluated using data from Cerner Real-World Data, an electronic health record-derived data set from 92 US health systems.