Cortical Thickness from MRI to Predict Conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia in Parkinson Disease: A Machine Learning-based Model.

Background Group comparison results associating cortical thinning and Parkinson disease (PD) dementia (PDD) are limited in their application to clinical settings. Purpose To investigate whether cortical thickness from MRI can help predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia in PD at an individual level using a machine learning-based model. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, patients with PD and MCI who underwent MRI from September 2008 to November 2016 were included.

Immediate Compared With Delayed Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Patients With ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Presenting ≥12 Hours After Symptom Onset Is Not Associated With Improved Clinical Outcome.

[Figure: see text].

Can Patient Triaging with Clinical Scoring Systems Reduce CT Use in Adolescents and Young Adults Suspected of Having Appendicitis?

Background There are ongoing efforts to reduce CT radiation exposure for the diagnosis of appendicitis. Recent guidelines recommend using clinical scoring systems to triage patients who need imaging examinations. Purpose To determine whether patient triaging with scoring systems can reduce CT use without a loss of diagnostic accuracy in adolescents and young adults suspected of having appendicitis.

Discovery of first-in-class inhibitors of ASH1L histone methyltransferase with anti-leukemic activity.

ASH1L histone methyltransferase plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of different diseases, including acute leukemia. While ASH1L represents an attractive drug target, developing ASH1L inhibitors is challenging, as the catalytic SET domain adapts an inactive conformation with autoinhibitory loop blocking the access to the active site. Here, by applying fragment-based screening followed by medicinal chemistry and a structure-based design, we developed first-in-class small molecule inhibitors of the ASH1L SET domain.

d-dimer Level as a Predictor of Recurrent Stroke in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source.

Background And Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the value of d-dimer levels in predicting recurrent stroke in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source. We also evaluated the underlying causes of recurrent stroke according to d-dimer levels.

Methods: A total of 1431 patients with undetermined source were enrolled in this study and divided into quartiles according to their baseline plasma d-dimer levels.

Increased Risk of Major Depressive Disorder After Cholecystectomy: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea.

Introduction: This study investigated the risk of depression in Korean adults who underwent cholecystectomy and appeared for subsequent long-term follow-ups. A national population-based data set was used for analysis.

Methods: All patients (n = 111,934) aged 40 years and older who underwent cholecystectomy between 2010 and 2015 and a control population (n = 223,868), matched for age and sex, were identified from the database of the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation.

Emergency Department as the Entry Point to Inpatient Care: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study in South Korea, 2016-2018.

(1) Background: The emergency department provides lifesaving treatment and has become an entry point to hospital admission. The purpose of our study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients who were admitted through the emergency department to the intensive care unit or general ward. (2) Methods: We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive analysis using the National Emergency Department Information System, analyzing patient data including disease category, diagnosis, and mortality from 1 January 2016, to 31 December 2018.

Burden of Ionizing Radiation in the Diagnosis and Management of Necrotizing Pancreatitis.

Introduction: A step-up endoscopic or percutaneous approach improves outcomes in necrotizing pancreatitis (NP). However, these require multiple radiographic studies and fluoroscopic procedures, which use low-dose ionizing radiation. The cumulative radiation exposure for treatment of NP has not been well defined.

Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction 1 Year After Acute Myocardial Infarction Identifies the Benefits of the Long-Term Use of β-Blockers: Analysis of Data From the KAMIR-NIH Registry.

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Interfacial Solar Distillation for Freshwater Production: Fate of Volatile and Semivolatile Organic Contaminants.

Interfacial solar distillation (ISD) is an approach with low cost and low energy demand useful for seawater desalination and freshwater production. However, the commercial potential of ISD for applications such as polluted seawater desalination or industrial wastewater reuse may be hindered by low rejection of volatile and semivolatile contaminants. For the first time, the results of this study showed that the transport (from bulk water (B) to distilled water (D)) of volatile and semivolatile contaminants during the solar desalination process was highly correlated with compound volatility ( = 0.

Longitudinal Observation of Border Tissue Configuration During Axial Elongation in Childhood.

Purpose: To investigate the change of border tissue configuration during axial elongation in childhood.

Methods: Fifty-four subjects (108 eyes; age range, 29.3-132.

Atherosclerotic Burden and Vascular Risk in Stroke Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

Background And Purpose: Data on the effect on vascular outcomes of concomitant atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD) with atrial fibrillation (AF) after stroke are limited. This study evaluated the effect of ASVD with AF versus AF only on the risk of vascular events.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a prospectively registered multicenter database involving 3213 stroke patients with AF.

Biological upgrading of 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose from agarose to a new platform chemical.

Recently, the utilization of renewable biomass instead of fossil fuels for producing fuels and chemicals is receiving much attention due to the global climate change. Among renewable biomass, marine algae are gaining importance as third generation biomass feedstocks owing to their advantages over lignocellulose. Particularly, red macroalgae have higher carbohydrate contents and simpler carbohydrate compositions than other marine algae.

Enhancer viruses for combinatorial cell-subclass-specific labeling.

Rapid cell type identification by new genomic single-cell analysis methods has not been met with efficient experimental access to these cell types. To facilitate access to specific neural populations in mouse cortex, we collected chromatin accessibility data from individual cells and identified enhancers specific for cell subclasses and types. When cloned into recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) and delivered to the brain, these enhancers drive transgene expression in specific cortical cell subclasses.

Extension of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Chest CT and Implications for Chest Radiographic Interpretation.

Purpose: To study the extent of pulmonary involvement in coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) with quantitative CT and to assess the impact of disease burden on opacity visibility on chest radiographs.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 20 pairs of CT scans and same-day chest radiographs from 17 patients with COVID-19, along with 20 chest radiographs of controls. All pulmonary opacities were semiautomatically segmented on CT images, producing an anteroposterior projection image to match the corresponding frontal chest radiograph.

CReVIS-Seq: A highly accurate and multiplexable method for genome-wide mapping of lentiviral integration sites.

Lentiviruses have been widely used as a means of transferring exogenous DNAs into human cells to treat various genetic diseases. Lentiviral vectors are fundamentally integrated into the host genome, but their integration sites are generally unpredictable, which may increase the uncertainty for their use in therapeutics. To determine the viral integration sites in the host genome, several PCR-based methods have been developed.

Breast cancer management pathways during the COVID-19 pandemic: outcomes from the UK 'Alert Level 4' phase of the B-MaP-C study.

Background: The B-MaP-C study aimed to determine alterations to breast cancer (BC) management during the peak transmission period of the UK COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of these treatment decisions.

Methods: This was a national cohort study of patients with early BC undergoing multidisciplinary team (MDT)-guided treatment recommendations during the pandemic, designated 'standard' or 'COVID-altered', in the preoperative, operative and post-operative setting.

Findings: Of 3776 patients (from 64 UK units) in the study, 2246 (59%) had 'COVID-altered' management.

Global Impact of COVID-19 on Stroke Care and IV Thrombolysis.

Objective: To measure the global impact of COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of IV thrombolysis (IVT), IVT transfers, and stroke hospitalizations over 4 months at the height of the pandemic (March 1 to June 30, 2020) compared with 2 control 4-month periods.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study across 6 continents, 70 countries, and 457 stroke centers. Diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes or classifications in stroke databases.

SARS-CoV-2 hijacks folate and one-carbon metabolism for viral replication.

The recently identified Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic. How this novel beta-coronavirus virus, and coronaviruses more generally, alter cellular metabolism to support massive production of ~30 kB viral genomes and subgenomic viral RNAs remains largely unknown. To gain insights, transcriptional and metabolomic analyses are performed 8 hours after SARS-CoV-2 infection, an early timepoint where the viral lifecycle is completed but prior to overt effects on host cell growth or survival.

Pan-cancer analysis of RNA expression of ANGIOTENSIN-I-CONVERTING ENZYME 2 reveals high variability and possible impact on COVID-19 clinical outcomes.

Patients with cancer demonstrate particularly poor outcomes from COVID-19. To provide information essential for understanding the biologic underpinnings of this association, we analyzed whole-transcriptome RNA expression data obtained from a large cohort of cancer patients to characterize expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and other proteases that are involved in viral attachment to and entry into target cells. We find substantial variability of expression of these factors across tumor types and identify subpopulations expressing ACE2 at very high levels.

The effect of intravenous golimumab on health-related quality of life and work productivity in patients with active psoriatic arthritis: results of the Phase 3 GO-VIBRANT trial.

Introduction/objectives: To evaluate changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and productivity following treatment with intravenous (IV) golimumab in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods: Patients were randomized to IV golimumab 2 mg/kg (n=241) at Weeks 0, 4, then every 8 weeks (q8w) through Week 52 or placebo (n=239) at Weeks 0, 4, then q8w, with crossover to IV golimumab 2 mg/kg at Weeks 24, 28, then q8w through Week 52. Change from baseline in EuroQol-5 dimension-5 level (EQ-5D-5L) index and visual analog scale (EQ-VAS), daily productivity VAS, and the Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) was assessed.

Computer-aided Detection of Subsolid Nodules at Chest CT: Improved Performance with Deep Learning-based CT Section Thickness Reduction.

Background Studies on the optimal CT section thickness for detecting subsolid nodules (SSNs) with computer-aided detection (CAD) are lacking. Purpose To assess the effect of CT section thickness on CAD performance in the detection of SSNs and to investigate whether deep learning-based super-resolution algorithms for reducing CT section thickness can improve performance. Materials and Methods CT images obtained with 1-, 3-, and 5-mm-thick sections were obtained in patients who underwent surgery between March 2018 and December 2018.

Clot Meniscus Sign: An Angiographic Clue for Choosing between Stent Retriever and Contact Aspiration in Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion.

Background And Purpose: The efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy methods may differ depending on the characteristics of the occlusion. The purpose of this study was to compare the recanalization efficacy and treatment outcome of a stent retriever versus contact aspiration in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion according to the angiographic characteristics of the occlusion.

Materials And Methods: One hundred sixty-one patients with acute basilar artery occlusion who underwent mechanical thrombectomy were retrospectively analyzed.

A phase 2 study of venetoclax plus R-CHOP as first-line treatment for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

The phase 2 CAVALLI (NCT02055820) study assessed efficacy and safety of venetoclax, a selective B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) inhibitor, with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) in first-line (1L) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), including patients demonstrating Bcl-2 protein overexpression by immunohistochemistry (Bcl-2 IHC+). Eligible patients were ≥18 years of age and had previously untreated DLBCL, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤2, and International Prognostic Index 2 to 5. Venetoclax 800 mg (days 4-10, cycle 1; days 1-10, cycles 2-8) was administered with rituximab (8 cycles) and cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (6-8 cycles) in 21-day cycles.