Modulation of the hepatic RANK-RANKL-OPG axis by combined C5 and CD14 inhibition in a long-term polytrauma model.

Background: Polytrauma and hemorrhagic shock can lead to direct and indirect liver damage involving intricate pathophysiologic mechanisms. While hepatic function has been frequently highlighted, there is minimal research on how the receptor activator of the NF-κB (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system is regulated in the liver following trauma. Furthermore, cross-talking complement and toll-like-receptor (TLR) systems can contribute to the posttraumatic response.

Contrast Media in Children: Ten Important Concepts on Administration, Applications, Complications, and Environmental Considerations, From the Special Series on Contrast Media.

Contrast media are an indispensable adjunct to pediatric imaging. The most common include iodine-based contrast media for CT and fluoroscopy, gadolinium-based contrast media and iron-oxide nanoparticles for MRI, and microbubbles for ultrasound. Although many of the considerations in the routine use of contrast media in infants and children (relating for example to renal function, allergic-like reactions, GBCM deposition, and extravasations) are similar to considerations in adult patients, some important differences exist.

Radiation dose reduction in pediatric computed tomography (CT) using deep convolutional neural network denoising.

Aim: We evaluated the quality of noncontrast chest computed tomography (CT) for pediatric patients at two dose levels with and without denoising using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN).

Materials And Methods: Forty children underwent noncontrast chest CTs for "chronic cough" using a routine dose (RD) protocol. Images were reconstructed using iterative reconstruction (IR).