Prostate Cancer Review: Genetics, Diagnosis, Treatment Options, and Alternative Approaches.

Prostate cancer is one of the malignancies that affects men and significantly contributes to increased mortality rates in men globally. Patients affected with prostate cancer present with either a localized or advanced disease. In this review, we aim to provide a holistic overview of prostate cancer, including the diagnosis of the disease, mutations leading to the onset and progression of the disease, and treatment options.

Hydrodynamics of mangrove-type root models: the effect of porosity, spacing ratio and flexibility.

Mangrove trees play a prominent role in coastal tropic and subtropical regions, providing habitats for many organisms and protecting shorelines against high energy flows. In particular, the species Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) exhibits complex cluster roots interacting with different hydrological flow conditions. To better understand the resilience of mangrove trees, we modeled the roots as a collection of cylinders with a circular pattern subject to unidirectional flow.

Simultaneous analysis of defense-related phytohormones in Arabidopsis thaliana responding to fungal infection.

Premise Of The Study: Simultaneous analysis of defense-related phytohormones can provide insights into underlying biochemical interactions. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographic (UHPLC) techniques hyphenated to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) are powerful analytical platforms, suitable for quantitative profiling of multiple classes of metabolites.

Methods: An efficient and simplified extraction method was designed followed by reverse-phase UHPLC for separation of seven phytohormones: salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, jasmonic acid, methyl jasmonate, absiscic acid, indole acetic acid, and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid.

Development and validation of a combined temperature, water activity, pH model for bacterial growth rate of Lactobacillus curvatus.

A model was established to predict growth rate as a function of temperature, pH and water activity. The model is based on two, earlier developed models, one for growth rate as a function of temperature and water activity and the other for growth rate as a function of temperature and pH. Based on the assumption that combinatory effects between pH and water activity do not exist, the two models were multiplied to produce one overall model.