Development and Validation of Emoji Response Scales for Assessing Patient-Reported Outcomes.

Purpose: Emoji are digital images or icons used to express an idea or emotion in electronic communication. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of two patient-reported scales that incorporate emoji.

Methods: The Emoji Response Scale developed for this study has two parts: the Emoji-Ordinal and Emoji-Mood scales.

Complete annotated genome sequence of phage Evcara, a cluster GI podovirus isolated from compost.

Bacteriophage Evcara is a podovirus isolated on NRRL B-24275. Its genome is 16,285 bp in length and contains 22 predicted protein-coding genes. Evcara, has been assigned to cluster GI with phages PineapplePizza and Curie that share 10 homologues with the well-characterized phage phi29.

d-Galactose-Esterification of a Fungal Polyketide Catalyzed by a Carnitine Acyltransferase Domain.

While sugar-containing natural products are commonly biosynthesized via glycosyltranferases using sugar-UDP as the electrophile, nature has evolved alternative strategies of glyco-modification to expand the diversity of natural products. Hydroxyl groups on sugars can serve as nucleophiles in the release of polyketide products from polyketide synthases. Herein, we demonstrate a highly reducing polyketide synthase (HRPKS) from the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma afroharzianum T22, which is terminated with a carnitine acyltransferase (cAT) domain, catalyzes the biosynthesis of a d-galactose esterified polyketide named as trichogalactin.

Patient-Reported Outcomes for Low-Risk Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: A Secondary Analysis of the COMET Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Active monitoring (AM) for low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has been considered as a potential alternative to guideline-concordant care (GCC; inclusive of surgery with or without radiation). Reported data comparing patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between GCC and AM for DCIS are lacking.

Objective: To compare PROs at baseline and over time in patients with low-risk DCIS randomized to receive either AM or GCC.

Active Monitoring With or Without Endocrine Therapy for Low-Risk Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: The COMET Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Active monitoring for low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast has been proposed as an alternative to guideline-concordant care, but the safety of this approach is unknown.

Objective: To compare rates of invasive cancer in patients with low-risk DCIS receiving active monitoring vs guideline-concordant care.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Prospective, randomized noninferiority trial enrolling 995 women aged 40 years or older with a new diagnosis of hormone receptor-positive grade 1 or grade 2 DCIS without invasive cancer at 100 US Alliance Cancer Cooperative Group clinical trial sites from 2017 to 2023.