Examining How Interaural Differences Owing to Head Rotation during Walking Improve the Distance of Auditory Obstacle Perceptions among Individuals with Visual Impairment: A Case Study in Small-Scale Blind Group.

The ability of individuals with visual impairment to recognize an obstacle by hearing is called "obstacle sense". This ability is facilitated while they are moving, though the exact reason remains unknown. This study aims to clarify which acoustical factors may contribute to obstacle sense, especially obstacle distance perception.

Disfluencies and Strategies Used by People Who Stutter During a Working Memory Task.

Purpose Working memory (WM) deficits are implicated in various communication disorders, including stuttering. The reading span test (RST) measures WM capacity with the dual task of reading sentences aloud and remembering target words. This study demonstrates a difference in strategy between people who stutter (PWS) and people who do not stutter (PWNS) in performing the RST.

[Hypersensitivity as Extraordinary High Temporal Processing in Individuals with Autism-Spectrum Disorders].

Most individuals with autism-spectrum disorders have hypersensitivity/hyposensitivity to various types of sensory stimuli. Although several hypotheses such as higher sensitivity to stimuli, alterations in brain structure and function, and dysfunction of inhibitory systems at the molecular level have been suggested, there is no convincing evidence. We found that individuals with high temporal resolution tended to have strong hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli and vice versa.

Tuning the dimensionality of the heavy fermion compound CeIn3.

Condensed-matter systems that are both low-dimensional and strongly interacting often exhibit unusual electronic properties. Strongly correlated electrons with greatly enhanced effective mass are present in heavy fermion compounds, whose electronic structure is essentially three-dimensional. We realized experimentally a two-dimensional heavy fermion system, adjusting the dimensionality in a controllable fashion.

Interleukin-1beta induces death in chondrocyte-like ATDC5 cells through mitochondrial dysfunction and energy depletion in a reactive nitrogen and oxygen species-dependent manner.

IL-1 (interleukin-1) acts as a key mediator of the degeneration of articular cartilage in RA (rheumatoid arthritis) and OA (osteoarthritis),where chondrocyte death is observed. It is still controversial, however, whether IL-1 induces chondrocyte death. In the present study, the viability of mouse chondrocyte-like ATDC5 cells was reduced by the treatment with IL-1beta for 48 h or longer.