Characteristics of the scapula movement during shoulder elevation depend on posture.

[Purpose] This study aimed to clarify the differences in scapular movement during flexion and abduction of the shoulder joint with different postures. [Participants and Methods] This study included 15 male participants. Their shoulder flexion and abduction and angles of the scapular upward rotation, scapular anterior tilt, scapular external rotation, and thoracic spine flexion were measured.

Two Japanese cases of battered child syndrome with retinal hemorrhage.

We present 2 cases of battered child syndrome with retinal hemorrhage. Case 1 is a 6-year-old boy who was blinded in both eyes following abuse by his mother's common-law husband. Retinal hemorrhages and optic atrophy were found in both eyes.

Papilloedema in late-onset citrullinaemia: report of second case.

A young adult patient suddenly began to have episodes of unconsciousness that each lasted for several hours. Brief episodes of lethargy occurred monthly. Biochemical tests disclosed high levels of ammonia and citrulline in the serum.

Acute retinal necrosis.

We treated 2 patients with unilateral acute retinal necrosis in association with uveitis. The disorder began as anterior uveitis, secondary glaucoma, and retinal vasculitis, and then developed into retinal necrosis within a few months. The aetiology was obscure and the appropriate treatment debatable.

Atypical gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina associated with iminoglycinuria.

A 44-year-old woman had a fundus appearance similar to that of gyrate atrophy, a macular lesion, and excessive urinary excretion of proline, hydroxyproline, and glycine. The patient also had abnormal ciliary processes and patchy atrophy of the irides. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ocular manifestations associated with iminoglycinuria.