The Neurospora crassa chr-1 gene is up-regulated by chromate and its encoded CHR-1 protein causes chromate sensitivity and chromium accumulation.

The ChrA membrane protein belongs to the CHR superfamily of chromate ion transporters, which includes homologues from bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. Bacterial ChrA homologues confer chromate resistance by exporting chromate ions from the cell's cytoplasm. The Neurospora crassa strain 74-A chr-1 gene encodes a putative CHR-1 protein of 507 amino acid residues, which belongs to the CHR superfamily.

[Microbial interactions with heavy metals].

Living organisms are exposed in nature to heavy metals, commonly present in their ionized species. These ions exert diverse toxic effects on microorganisms. Metal exposure both selects and maintains microbial variants able to tolerate their harmful effects.

Advanced glycosylation end products in skin, serum, saliva and urine and its association with complications of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) has a key role in the pathophysiology of diabetes complications. Comparison of AGEs measurement in serum, skin, saliva and urine has not been reported.

Aims: To compare AGEs in serum, skin, saliva and urine in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, with complications at different stages.

Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine response to stimuli in autonomic neuropathy of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The objective of this study was to examine epinephrine and norepinephrine plasma levels in patients with clinical type 2 diabetes mellitus, at different stages of autonomic neuropathy. Eighteen patients were classified in groups without (n = 6) and with early (n = 6), definite (n = 3) and severe (n = 3) neuropathy. Blood catecholamine levels were measured after the Valsalva maneuver, cold exposure and orthostatic tests.

Perceived psychological stress in diabetes mellitus type 2.

We studied the factors associated with perceived psychosocial stress in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 105 patients (27 men and 78 women) with a mean age of 51.6 (50.