Role of major cardiovascular surgery-induced metabolic reprogramming in acute kidney injury in critical care.

Purpose: Major cardiovascular surgery imposes high physiologic stress, often causing severe organ dysfunction and poor outcomes. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated metabolic changes induced by major cardiovascular surgery and the potential role of identified metabolic signatures in postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI).

Immunomodulatory Effects and Protection in Sepsis by the Antibiotic Moxifloxacin.

Sepsis is a leading cause of death in Intensive Care Units. Despite its prevalence, sepsis remains insufficiently understood, with no substantial qualitative improvements in its treatment in the past decades. Immunomodulatory agents may hold promise, given the significance of TNF-α and IL-1β as sepsis mediators.

Physiologic disruption and metabolic reprogramming in infection and sepsis.

Effective responses against severe systemic infection require coordination between two complementary defense strategies that minimize the negative impact of infection on the host: resistance, aimed at pathogen elimination, and disease tolerance, which limits tissue damage and preserves organ function. Resistance and disease tolerance mostly rely on divergent metabolic programs that may not operate simultaneously in time and space. Due to evolutionary reasons, the host initially prioritizes the elimination of the pathogen, leading to dominant resistance mechanisms at the potential expense of disease tolerance, which can contribute to organ failure.

DNA damage independent inhibition of NF-κB transcription by anthracyclines.

Anthracyclines are among the most used and effective anticancer drugs. Their activity has been attributed to DNA double-strand breaks resulting from topoisomerase II poisoning and to eviction of histones from select sites in the genome. Here, we show that the extensively used anthracyclines Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin, and Epirubicin decrease the transcription of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-dependent gene targets, but not interferon-responsive genes in primary mouse () macrophages.

Role of Omega-6 Fatty Acid Metabolism in Cardiac Surgery Postoperative Bleeding Risk.

Unlabelled: Cardiac surgery is frequently associated with significant postoperative bleeding. Platelet-dysfunction is the main cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-induced hemostatic defect. Not only the number of platelets decreases, but also the remaining are functionally impaired.