Systemic immune response to a CD40 agonist antibody in nonhuman primates.

The cell surface molecule CD40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and is broadly expressed by immune cells including B cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes, as well as other normal cells and some malignant cells. CD40 is constitutively expressed on antigen-presenting cells, and ligation promotes functional maturation, leading to an increase in antigen presentation and cytokine production, and a subsequent increase in the activation of antigen-specific T cells. It is postulated that CD40 agonists can mediate both T cell-dependent and T cell-independent immune mechanisms of tumor regression in mice and patients.

Mechanisms That Modulate Peripheral Oxygen Delivery during Exercise in Heart Failure.

Oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]o) measured at the mouth, which is equal to the cardiac output (CO) times the arterial-venous oxygen content difference [C(a-v)O], increases more than 10- to 20-fold in normal subjects during exercise. To achieve this substantial increase in oxygen uptake [[Formula: see text]o = CO × C(a-v)O] both CO and the arterial-venous difference must simultaneously increase. Although this occurs in normal subjects, patients with heart failure cannot achieve significant increases in cardiac output and must rely primarily on changes in the arterial-venous difference to increase [Formula: see text]o during exercise.

The Five S's: A Communication Tool for Child Psychiatric Access Projects.

Given the gap in child psychiatric services available to meet existing pediatric behavioral health needs, children and families are increasingly seeking behavioral health services from their primary care clinicians (PCCs). However, many pediatricians report not feeling adequately trained to meet these needs. As a result, child psychiatric access projects (CPAPs) are being developed around the country to support the integration of care for children.

Better parameters of ventilation-CO₂output relationship predict death in CHF patients.

Objective: Measures of ventilation-CO₂output relationship have been shown to be more prognostic than peak O₂uptake in assessing life expectancy in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Because both the ratios (VE/Vco₂) and slopes (VE-vs-Vco₂) of ventilation-co₂ output of differing durations can be used, we aim to ascertain which measurements best predicted CHF life expectancy.

Methods: Two hundred and seventy-one CHF patients with NYHA class II-IV underwent incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and were followed-up for a median duration of 479 days.

[Human experiments of metabolism, blood alkalization and oxygen effect on control and regulation of breathing. III: pure oxygen exercise test after blood alkalization].

Objective: After performed symptom-limited maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) before and after acute alkalized blood, we repeated CPET with pure oxygen.

Methods: Five volunteers, 3hr after alkalizing blood room air CPET, re-performed CPET inhaling from Douglas bag connected with pure oxygen tank. We compared with those of room air CPETs before and after alkalized blood.