(Rutaceae), a new tree species from Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands.

A newly-discovered endemic tree species of from Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands, is described and illustrated with notes on its distribution, ecology, conservation status and phylogenetic placement. A modification to the existing key to Hawaiian is also provided. is a member of Stone's group having carpels connate at base, capsules 4-lobed and leaves usually opposite.

Dynamic collateral sensitivity profiles highlight opportunities and challenges for optimizing antibiotic treatments.

As failure rates for traditional antimicrobial therapies escalate, recent focus has shifted to evolution-based therapies to slow resistance. Collateral sensitivity-the increased susceptibility to one drug associated with evolved resistance to a different drug-offers a potentially exploitable evolutionary constraint, but the manner in which collateral effects emerge over time is not well understood. Here, we use laboratory evolution in the opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis to phenotypically characterize collateral profiles through evolutionary time.

Antigen-antibody complex density and antibody-induced HLA protein unfolding influence Fc-mediated antibody effector function.

Donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) targeting mismatched human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules are one of the principal threats to long-term graft survival in solid organ transplantation. However, many patients with long-term circulating DSAs do not manifest rejection responses, suggesting a degree of heterogeneity in their pathogenicity and related functional activity. Immunologic risk stratification of transplant recipients is complicated by challenges intrinsic to defining alloantibody responses that are potentially pathogenic versus those that are not.

Warfarin Versus Non-Vitamin K Inhibitors Medications and Cognitive Disease Progression in Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with cognitive decline. Use of oral anticoagulant (OAC) medications offers a lower risk of dementia, but it is unclear whether differences exist between types of OAC agents.

Objective: This was a secondary analysis to explore whether the progression from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment to dementia differs between adults with AF on warfarin versus non-vitamin K inhibitors medications (NOACs) using data extracted from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center clinical case series.

Regulatory T cell therapy is associated with distinct immune regulatory lymphocytic infiltrates in kidney transplants.

Background: Adoptive transfer of autologous regulatory T cells (Tregs) is a promising therapeutic strategy aimed at enabling immunosuppression minimization following kidney transplantation. In our phase 1 clinical trial of Treg therapy in living donor renal transplantation, the ONE Study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02129881), we observed focal lymphocytic infiltrates in protocol kidney transplant biopsies that are not regularly seen in biopsies of patients receiving standard immunosuppression.