Sensory representations and pupil-indexed listening effort provide complementary contributions to multi-talker speech intelligibility.

Multi-talker speech intelligibility requires successful separation of the target speech from background speech. Successful speech segregation relies on bottom-up neural coding fidelity of sensory information and top-down effortful listening. Here, we studied the interaction between temporal processing measured using Envelope Following Responses (EFRs) to amplitude modulated tones, and pupil-indexed listening effort, as it related to performance on the Quick Speech-in-Noise (QuickSIN) test in normal-hearing adults.

Polyvictimization and academic performance among college students: Examining differences across sexual and gender identity.

The current study examines the relationship between polyvictimization and academic performance in college across gender and sexual identity. Participants were from the Spring 2019 administration of the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment-II. Multinomial logistic regression models and negative binomial regression models with and without interaction terms were used to explore if gender and sexual identity are related to academic performance, and if they are differentially related to academic performance when experiencing polyvictimization.

Social and Emotional Functioning of Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors and Typically Developing Youth Following the Onset of the Pandemic.

: Social competence is a domain in which pediatric brain tumour survivors (PBTS) are at risk of challenges. To follow-up on our earlier work, in this study we assessed specific social interaction behaviors and emotional functioning in PBTS relative to typically developing youth (TD). The study coincided with the onset of the global pandemic.

Comparative Outcomes of Robotic Versus Open Proctectomy for Rectal Cancer at High Risk of Positive Circumferential Resection Margin.

Background: Concerns persist regarding the effectiveness of robotic proctectomy compared with open proctectomy for locally advanced rectal cancer with a high risk of circumferential resection margin involvement.

Objective: Comparison of surrogate cancer outcomes after robotic versus open proctectomy in this subpopulation.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Cortical determinants of loudness perception and auditory hypersensitivity.

Parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons (PVNs) stabilize cortical network activity, generate gamma rhythms, and regulate experience-dependent plasticity. Here, we observed that activation or inactivation of PVNs functioned like a volume knob in the mouse auditory cortex (ACtx), turning neural and behavioral classification of sound level up or down over a 20dB range. PVN loudness adjustments were "sticky", such that a single bout of 40Hz PVN stimulation sustainably suppressed ACtx sound responsiveness, potentiated feedforward inhibition, and behaviorally desensitized mice to loudness.