Genomics reveals the history of a complex plant invasion and improves the management of a biological invasion from the South African-Australian biotic exchange.

Many plants exchanged in the global redistribution of species in the last 200 years, particularly between South Africa and Australia, have become threatening invasive species in their introduced range. Refining our understanding of the genetic diversity and population structure of native and alien populations, introduction pathways, propagule pressure, naturalization, and initial spread, can transform the effectiveness of management and prevention of further introductions. We used 20,221 single nucleotide polymorphisms to reconstruct the invasion of a coastal shrub, ssp.

The Effects of NT-1044, a Novel AMPK Activator, on Endometrial Cancer Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, Cell Stress and Tumor Growth.

Objectives: Anti-diabetic biguanide drugs such as metformin may have anti-tumorigenic effects by behaving as AMPK activators and mTOR inhibitors. Metformin requires organic cation transporters (OCTs) for entry into cells, and NT-1044 is an AMPK activator designed to have greater affinity for two of these transporters, OCT1 and OCT3. We sought to compare the effects of NT-1044 on cell proliferation in human endometrial cancer (EC) cell lines and on tumor growth in an endometrioid EC mouse model.

Reactivity trends of cobalt(III) complexes towards various amino acids based on the properties of the amino acid alkyl chains.

The reactivity of the cobalt(III) complexes dichlorido[tris(2-aminoethyl)amine]cobalt(III) chloride, [CoCl(tren)]Cl, and dichlorido(triethylenetetramine)cobalt(III) chloride, [CoCl(trien)]Cl, towards different amino acids (L-proline, L-asparagine, L-histidine and L-aspartic acid) was explored in detail. This study presents the crystal structures of three amino acidate cobalt(III) complexes, namely, (L-prolinato-κN,O)[tris(2-aminoethyl)amine-κN,N',N'',N''']cobalt(III) diiodide monohydrate, [Co(CHNO)(CHN)]I·HO, I, (L-asparaginato-κN,O)[tris(2-aminoethyl)amine-κN,N',N'',N''']cobalt(III) chloride perchlorate, [Co(CHNO)(CHN)](Cl)(ClO), II, and (L-prolinato-κN,O)(triethylenetetramine-κN,N',N'',N''')cobalt(III) chloride perchlorate, [Co(CHNO)(CHN)](Cl)(ClO), V. The syntheses of the complexes were followed by characterization using UV-Vis spectroscopy of the reaction mixtures and the initial rates of reaction were obtained by calculating the slopes of absorbance versus time plots.

Multilingualism and strategic planning for HIV/AIDS-related health care and communication.

Many lower and middle income countries (LMICs) have high levels of linguistic diversity, meaning that health information and care is not available in the languages spoken by the majority of the population. This research investigates the extent to which language needs are taken into account in planning for HIV/AIDS-related health communication in development contexts. We analysed all HIV/AIDS-related policy documents and reports available via the websites of the Department for International Development UK, The Global Fund, and the Ministries of Health and National AIDS commissions of Burkina Faso, Ghana and Senegal.

Mapping of biguanide transporters in human fat cells and their impact on lipolysis.

Aim: To examine the cell membrane transporters involved in mediating the antilipolytic effect of biguanides in human fat cells.

Materials And Methods: Gene expression of biguanide transporters was mapped in human subcutaneous adipose tissue and in adipocytes before and after differentiation. Those expressed in mature fat cells were knocked down by RNA interference (RNAi) and the antilipolytic effects of metformin and two novel, highly potent biguanides, NT1014 and NT1044, were examined.