Review article: Pharmacologic management of obesity - updates on approved medications, indications and risks.

Background: Obesity has reached epidemic proportions, with >40% of the US population affected. Although traditionally managed by lifestyle modification, and less frequently by bariatric therapies, there are significant pharmacological advancements.

Aims: To conduct a narrative review of the neurohormonal and physiological understanding of weight gain and obesity, and the development, clinical testing, indications, expected clinical outcomes, and associated risks of current FDA-approved and upcoming anti-obesity medications (AOMs).

Optimal measurement of gastric emptying of solids in gastroparesis or functional dyspepsia: evidence to establish standard test.

Objective: Symptoms in gastroparesis (Gp) and functional dyspepsia (FD) overlap; using egg protein substitute to measure gastric emptying of solids (GES), ~40% of patients are reclassified from Gp to FD, and vice versa. Our aim was to assess inter-individual and intra-individual coefficients of variation (COV) in GES in symptomatic patients with Gp or FD with documented slow or normal GES, respectively.

Design: Scintigraphic GES (T and GE% at 2 and 4 hours) using a 320 kcal real egg meal (30% fat) was tested in the following: single measurements in 20 patients with diabetes mellitus (10 each type 1 and type 2); repeat GES to estimate COV measured: 3 days apart in 9 Gp, 4 weeks apart in 21 Gp and 18 with FD with normal GE assigned to placebo and in 70 patients at 94.

Pharmacogenetic interactions of medications administered for weight loss in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To analyze roles of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) on weight loss with US FDA-approved medications. We searched the literature up until November 2022. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed.

Fasting pyloric diameter and distensibility by functional endoluminal imaging probe in unsedated healthy volunteers.

Background: Recent studies with functional endoluminal imaging probe (EndoFLIP ) measure physiologic characteristics of the pylorus. EndoFLIP has the potential to select optimal candidates for gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM). Normative values of the pylorus using EndoFLIP have not been established.