Nocturnal Cleaning Interactions Between the Giant Moray () and the Clear Cleaner Shrimp ().

We observed a novel, nocturnal cleaning interaction between a cleaner shrimp (Genus ) and the giant moray eel () on a lagoonal patch reef in Moorea, French Polynesia. Over the course of an 85-min foraging bout (recorded on video by a snorkeler), we observed three separate, stereotyped cleaning interactions between and a cleaner shrimp in the genus Urocaridella (which surveys of Moorea biodiversity previously visually identified as ). During these interactions, the shrimp would slowly crawl along one of the eel's flanks towards its head, enter its mouth, emerge on the other side of its head, then crawl back towards the reef along the eel's opposite flank, often causing it to jolt in response.

The Role of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Bilingual Language Switching and Non-Linguistic Task-Switching: Evidence from Multi-Voxel Pattern Analysis.

Previous research suggests that bilingual language control requires domain-general cognitive control. Recent research suggests that exploration of individual differences is key for understanding the relationship between bilingual language control and cognitive control. The current study used multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) to examine within-subject patterns of fMRI activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during bilingual language switching and non-linguistic task-switching.

Toward mastering foreign-language translations: transfer between productive and receptive learning.

Learners can study foreign language-English vocabulary (e.g., - to think) both receptively and productively.