Retrostyloid and retromandibular courses of the external carotid artery.

Background: The external carotid artery (ECA) branching pattern has been extensively studied in the current literature. However, its topographical variability has been barely reported. The aim of the current study was to assess the ECA in relationship with the styloid process (SP) and the mandible.

Internal Jugular Vein Fenestration and Duplication.

The internal jugular vein (IJV) is considered one of the prominent veins of the neck. It corresponds to the continuation of the sigmoid sinus and joins the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein. A retrospective study of 200 computed tomography angiographies was performed at the Larissa University Hospital Radiology Department, where the IJV variant morphology was investigated.

A bilateral fetal origin of the posterior cerebral artery coexisting with an absent A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery.

Background: The cerebral arterial circle variants are well-described due to their clinical significance for neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists.

Materials And Methods: This magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) report describes the unusual coexistence of three cerebral variants incidentally identifiedin a 44-year-old female patient.

Results: The right-sided first segment (A1) of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) was absent, and both the posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs) originated from the internal carotid arteries (ICAs).

Τhe styloid process length and the stylohyoid chain ossification affect its relationship with the carotid arteries.

Purpose: The elongated styloid process (SP) is associated with internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection, due to its close relationship with the vessel. However, the relationship with the variable ossified stylohyoid chain (SHC) has been scarcely studied. The current study investigated the relationship between the temporal bone's SP and the external and internal carotid arteries (ECA and ICA).

The lingual and facial arteries' common origin: a systematic review with meta-analysis and a computed tomography angiography study.

Purpose: The present evidence-based systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to investigate the fusion morphology of the lingual artery and facial artery (in the form of the linguofacial trunk-LFT) pooled prevalence and morphometry. After carefully investigating the data literature, a retrospective computed tomography angiography (CTA) study was performed to investigate a few parameters that were not well-studied.

Materials: An evidence-based systematic review retrieved 41 studies that met our inclusion criteria to identify the LFT pooled prevalence.