The history of the European Neurological Society (1986-2014)-10 years later.

Background And Purpose: The European Academy of Neurology (EAN) was a merger from two parent societies: the European Neurological Association (ENS, founded in 1986) and the European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS, founded in 1987).

Methods: This article was written by nine former presidents, three of whom were also founders of the ENS, and is based on recollections and documents. It follows up on a review of the ENS history stored in the EAN archive.

Targeted rescue of synaptic plasticity improves cognitive decline in sepsis-associated encephalopathy.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a frequent complication of severe systemic infection resulting in delirium, premature death, and long-term cognitive impairment. We closely mimicked SAE in a murine peritoneal contamination and infection (PCI) model. We found long-lasting synaptic pathology in the hippocampus including defective long-term synaptic plasticity, reduction of mature neuronal dendritic spines, and severely affected excitatory neurotransmission.

Temporary and highly variable recovery of neuromuscular dysfunction by electrical stimulation in the follow-up of acute critical illness neuromyopathy: a pilot study.

Background: In sepsis-associated critical illness neuromyopathy (CIPNM) serial electrical stimulation of motor nerves induces a short-lived temporary recovery of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) termed facilitation phenomenon (FP). This technique is different from other stimulation techniques published. The identification of FP suggests a major functional component in acute CIPNM.

Temporary reversal of nerve and muscle dysfunction by serial electrical stimulation in critical illness neuromyopathy.

Objective: Critical Illness Neuromyopathy (CIPNM) is a complication in sepsis patients with still enigmatic disease mechanisms. We investigated a novel electrical stimulation method to better define neuromuscular dysfunction in patients with CIPNM.

Methods: We studied 18 sepsis CIPNM patients on intensive care units, 13 at an early and 5 at a later disease stage, 7 sepsis control, and 8 neuropathy control patients.

Functional predictors of treatment induced diabetic neuropathy (TIND): a prospective pilot study using clinical and neurophysiological functional tests.

Background: A treatment-induced drop in HbA1c has been suggested to be a risk factor for TIND.

Methods: From 60 included patients with severe diabetes mellitus (HbA1c over 8.5) only 21 patients adhered to the study protocol over 1 year with a battery of autonomic nervous system tests scheduled before and after starting antidiabetic treatment.