Administration of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors to Patients on Warfarin May Elevate PT-INR.

The relationship between the concomitant use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and elevated prothrombin time-to-international standard ratio (PT-INR) in patients receiving warfarin remains unclear. In the present study, 26 patients treated with ICIs during warfarin therapy were examined for increases in PT-INR within 60 d of ICI administration. Of these patients, 13 developed Grade 2 or higher PT-INR elevations, 5 of which required the immediate administration of vitamin K.

The Clinical Evaluation of Third-generation Cephalosporins As Definitive Therapy for Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella aerogenes Bacteremia.

Objective Third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) may be susceptible in vitro to Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella aerogenes. However, treatment with mainly fourth-generation cephalosporins or carbapenems is currently recommended.

[Decreased Serum Copper Concentrations by Zinc Administration in Preterm Infants with Hypozincemia Are Associated with a Lower Postmenstrual Age: A Single-center Retrospective Observational Study].

Copper is one of the essential trace elements in humans, and its deficiency causes various diseases. Zinc acetate dihydrate is administered to treat hypozincemia in preterm infants; however, zinc inhibits the gastrointestinal absorption of copper, which may cause copper deficiency. To safely treat hypozincemia in preterm infants, we retrospectively analyzed the factors reducing serum copper concentrations when zinc is administered to preterm infants with hypozincemia.

Administration of zinc to preterm infants with hypozincemia does not reduce serum copper concentrations in most cases: a single-center retrospective observational study.

Background: Zinc is an essential trace element involved in various physiological functions. In Japan, zinc acetate dihydrate is administered to neonates and infants with hypozincemia. Since serum copper concentrations are reduced by the administration of zinc, we retrospectively investigated changes in serum zinc and copper concentrations in preterm infants with hypozincemia receiving zinc acetate dihydrate.