Long-term outcome of patients with frequently recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma treated with one perioperative plus four weekly instillations of mitomycin C followed by monthly bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or alternating BCG and interferon-α2b instillations: prospective randomised FinnBladder-4 study.

Background: Recurrent TaT1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients should be treated with immediate instillation of chemotherapy after transurethral resection of bladder tumour followed by instillation therapy.

Objective: To present long-term results of a study exploring the effect of initial mitomycin C (MMC) instillations followed by two types of immunotherapy for patients with frequently recurring NMIBC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Between 1992 and 1996, 236 patients with frequently recurring TaT1 grade 1-2 NMIBC were enrolled in the prospective randomised multicentre FinnBladder-4 study.

Sexual function of LUTS patients before and after neodymium laser prostatectomy and transurethral resection of prostate. A prospective, randomized trial.

Objective: To assess and compare the sexual function of patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or Nd:YAG laser treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by obstructing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Patients And Methods: 98 LUTS patients with urodynamically confirmed bladder outlet obstruction were recruited. Patients were randomised to TURP and laser treatment, which was further divided to contact and hybrid treatments according to prostate size.

Long-term results of contact laser versus transurethral resection of the prostate in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with small or moderately enlarged prostates.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term results of contact laser vaporization (CLV) of the prostate and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in patients with symptomatic bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with prostates smaller than 40 ml.

Material And Methods: A total of 52 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and urodynamically confirmed BOO caused by BPH with glands smaller than 40 ml were treated by means of CLV or TURP in a randomized trial. Changes in symptom score, urodynamics and prostate volume were evaluated during a 4-year follow-up period.

Routine follow-up cystoscopy in detection of recurrence in patients being monitored for bladder cancer.

Background And Aims: Cystoscopy and urine cytology are the standard tools for monitoring superficial bladder cancer. The sensitivity of cystoscopy is, however, limited to the tumours that can be visualised, and the sensitivity of cytology is relatively low in low-stage/low-grade tumours. Therefore, new tumour markers have been developed.