The association of ODF4 with AK1 and AK2 in mice is essential for fertility through its contribution to flagellar shape.

Normal sperm flagellar shape and movement are essential for fertilization. The integral protein outer dense fiber 4 (ODF4) localizes to ODFs, but its function remains unclear. Adenylate kinase (AK) is a phosphotransferase that catalyzes the interconversion and controls the concentration equilibrium of adenine nucleotides.

A semi-standardized music therapy intervention for girls with Rett syndrome: A descriptive essay.

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder resulting in a wide range of functional impairments and therefore greatly impacts the lives of both patients and their families. While genetic and medical aspects have been studied for several decades, rehabilitation intervention research is still in its infancy. In this study, the investigating researchers have presented a rehabilitative framework by using music therapy for girls with RTT.

Decrease of lysyl hydroxylase 2 activity causes abnormal collagen molecular phenotypes, defective mineralization and compromised mechanical properties of bone.

Lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of lysine (Lys) residues in fibrillar collagen telopeptides, a critical post-translational modification for the stability of intermolecular cross-links. Though abnormal LH2 activities have been implicated in various diseases including Bruck syndrome, the molecular basis of the pathologies is still not well understood. Since LH2 null mice die at early embryonic stage, we generated LH2 heterozygous (LH2) mice in which LH2 level is significantly diminished, and characterized collagen and bone phenotypes using femurs.

Dlec1 is required for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice.

Deleted in lung and esophageal cancer 1 (DLEC1) is a tumour suppressor gene that is downregulated in various cancers in humans; however, the physiological and molecular functions of DLEC1 are still unclear. This study investigated the critical role of Dlec1 in spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice. Dlec1 was significantly expressed in testes, with dominant expression in germ cells.