Surgery with locking plate or hemiarthroplasty versus nonoperative treatment of 3-4-part proximal humerus fractures in older patients (NITEP): An open-label randomized trial.

Background: Proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) are common fractures, especially in older female patients. These fractures are commonly treated surgically, but the consensus on the best treatment is still lacking.

Methods And Findings: The primary aim of this multicenter, randomized 3-arm superiority, open-label trial was to assess the results of nonoperative treatment and operative treatment either with locking plate (LP) or hemiarthroplasty (HA) of 3- and 4-part PHF with the primary outcome of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) at 2-year follow-up.

In vivo corrosion on retrieved hip endoprostheses and in vitro effects of corrosion products on bone mineralization.

In vivo corrosion of modular endoprostheses remains a great concern, as the release of heavy metal ions can impair the implant's service life and the wellbeing of the patient. The detailed corrosion mechanisms that occur in vivo are so far not completely understood. In this context, the effects of implant released cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) ions on osteoblast mineralization and gene expression have not been investigated extensively.

Synovial Fluid in Knee Osteoarthritis Extends Proinflammatory Niche for Macrophage Polarization.

Macrophage polarization is a steering factor of osteoarthritis (OA) progression. Synovial fluid (SF) obtained from OA patients with different Kellgren-Lawrence grades (KL grades) holds several proinflammatory factors and was hypothesized to induce macrophage differentiation and polarization by providing the needed microenvironment. U937 cells and peripheral-blood-mononuclear-cell-derived monocytes (PBMC-derived CD14+ cells) were induced with SFs of progressive KL grades for 48 h, and the status of the differentiated cells was evaluated by cell surface markers representing M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes.

Markers of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Fibrosis in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice. The pathogenesis of AF is linked to inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress, which leads to fibrosis of the atria and progression of the disease. The purpose of this study was to define the role of several biomarkers of inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress (OxS).

Isolated greater trochanter fracture may impose a comparable risk on older patients' survival as a conventional hip fracture: a population-wide cohort study.

Background: Isolated greater trochanter fracture (IGT) and conventional hip fracture (HF) affect the same anatomical area but are usually researched separately. HF is associated with high mortality, and its management is well established. In contrast, IGT's effect on mortality is unknown, and its best management strategies are unclear.