[Psychosis sight from the complexity research--a model for the examination of the self organisation of a dysfunctional self].

Unlabelled: Nowadays the multifactorial genesis of psychotic illnesses is undisputed. The question of the integration of the multilayered results is open from the biological, emotional and social area. Based on the results of the complexity research (chaos theory, theory of the self organisation) the hypothesis was formulated for the emergence of psychotic illnesses that these are understood themselves as an expression of a dysfunctional self.

2 Years' experience with inspiratory muscle training in patients with neuromuscular disorders.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to assess the long-term effects of specific inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) who have various degrees of respiratory impairment.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-seven patients with NMDs (Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, 18 patients; spinal muscular atrophy, 9 patients) underwent 24 months of IMT. Patients were divided into three groups according to their vital capacity (VC) values.

Dose-dependent effects of inspiratory muscle training in neuromuscular disorders.

The goal of this study was to show whether a correlation exists between the intensity of specific respiratory muscle training and the improvement of strength and endurance in inspiratory musculature in patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMD). Sixteen patients with NMD (13 with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and 3 with spinal muscular atrophy) performed inspiratory muscle training (IMT) at home with a special training apparatus for 9 months. Maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (PI(MAX)) and 12s-maximum voluntary ventilation (12s-MVV) test served as parameters for inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, respectively.

[Innovative respiratory muscle training for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy--a psychological evaluation].

For neuromuscular patients with progressive respiratory muscle weakness a new training apparatus was developed, which allows a home training of strength as well as endurance of the inspiratory muscles, especially the diaphragma. A significant positive training result could be proved in a comparative study between 2 groups of 15 Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients each (8). By the end of the training the satisfaction of patients with the new training equipment was evaluated by means of a questionnaire.

Inspiratory muscle training in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of a specific inspiratory muscle training in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

Patients And Methods: Fifteen patients with DMD started 6 months of training the inspiratory muscles and 15 patients served as a control group. Pulmonary and inspiratory muscle function parameters were assessed 3 months before and at the beginning of training, in the first and third month of training, at the end, and 6 months after its cessation.