Ventilatory response to erect and supine exercise.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that altering the ventilation-perfusion ratio of the lung by changing the body position from erect to supine would alter the ventilatory response to exercise as described by the slope of the relationship between minute ventilation and carbon dioxide production.

Methods: Ten normal subjects volunteers (5 female, 5 male: average age 22 yr; range 19-25 yr; height (SD) 173.5 (3.

Stability of personality traits in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: a pilot project.

This study was performed in an effort to begin characterization of personality traits in schizophrenia. Specific concerns included personality profiles relative to normal adults, personality profile stability over time, and trait-state issues. The authors administered the NEO Personality Inventory as well as symptom ratings at two time points to 21 patients.

The relationship between personality and quality of life in persons with schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia.

The goal of this study was to examine the effects of personality traits as measured by the NEO-PI on the quality of life (QOL) of persons with schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia. The premise of this research is that personality traits may be important in shaping one's outlook and satisfaction with life. In a prior pilot study, personality traits were measured in persons with schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia.

Measuring the costs of schizophrenia. Implications for the post-institutional era in the US.

Schizophrenia is a stress-related biomedical condition of the brain, characterised by unusual internal experiences, severe and often persistent functional disability and socially inappropriate behaviour. It is estimated that schizophrenia affects approximately 1% of all adults worldwide. Young adults are especially vulnerable.

Risperidone augmentation of clozapine.

While effective as a single agent in a significant proportion of treatment refractory patients, clozapine is often used in combination with other medications, including classical neuroleptics (1), mood stabilizers and antidepressants (2), benzodiazepines (3) and lithium (4). In Denmark, where clozapine has been in near continuous use since 1975, up to 60% of clozapine patients receive additional medication (4). Classical neuroleptics, often at antipsychotic levels, are the medications most frequently added, and are used in 30-35% of patients receiving clozapine (4,5).