Right double inferior vena cava: Report of 5 cases and literature review.

Objective: To describe the computed tomography appearance, embryology, and clinical implications of right double inferior vena cava (IVC).

Methods: Computed tomography imaging findings were retrospectively reviewed in our 5 patients and in 2 cases reported in the literature with right double IVC. The relationship of the 2 postrenal IVCs, their diameter, level of confluence of the 2 IVCs, course of the left common iliac vein, draining site of the right gonadal vein, and the presence of retrocaval ureter were evaluated.

The posterior inferior cerebellar artery arising from the extracranial segment of the internal carotid artery via the hypoglossal canal without an interposed segment of the basilar artery: a persistent primitive hypoglossal artery variant.

The authors present a rare case of a persistent primitive hypoglossal artery (PHA) variant ending in the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) without an interposed segment of the basilar artery and describe briefly the possible embryogenesis of this anomaly.

[Computed tomography of brain infarct with special reference to vascular territories and collateral pathways].

The essential approach to CT diagnosis is to evaluate precise radiological findings. However, in some cases, other additional information may play an important role in the detection of disease itself. In brain infarct, this can include clinical symptoms, the hemodynamics of cerebral circulation, and other factors.

Dose distribution and shrinkage of acoustic neurinomas 2 years after Gamma Knife treatment.

To examine the relationship between dose distribution and tumor shrinkage of acoustic neurinomas, correlation coefficients between distribution probabilities of some dose areas and residual tumor ratios of 21 cases were studied at 2 years. Approximating a dose-volume histogram to beta-distribution, two essential dose areas for tumor control were extracted: a dose area from 14.2 to 24.