NIAID Workshop Report: Systematic Approaches for ESKAPE Bacteria Antigen Discovery.

On 14-15 November 2023, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) organized a workshop entitled "Systematic Approaches for ESKAPE Bacteria Antigen Discovery". The goal of the workshop was to engage scientists from diverse relevant backgrounds to explore novel technologies that can be harnessed to identify and address current roadblocks impeding advances in antigen and vaccine discoveries for the ESKAPE pathogens (, , , , and species). The workshop consisted of four sessions that addressed ESKAPE infections, antigen discovery and vaccine efforts, and new technologies including systems immunology and vaccinology approaches.

We cannot repeat history again: a call to action to centre indigenous leadership as we prepare for the next pandemic.

Indigenous communities worldwide continue to disproportionately bear the burden during pandemics due to ongoing health inequities and systemic exclusion from pandemic decision-making processes. As the global community prepares for the next pandemic, it is critical to prioritise Indigenous leadership and governance within public health responses. This commentary highlights successful models of Indigenous-led pandemic responses during COVID-19 in Canada and Australia.

Yarning about vaccinations: Empowering individuals to have supportive conversations with Aboriginal peoples about vaccinations, using a community-engaged approach.

Objective: This study assessed the effectiveness of Aboriginal-led vaccine workshops to enhance knowledge, confidence and supportive conversations regarding scheduled and recommended vaccinations for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Hunter New England, New South Wales, Australia.

Methods: We adapted and indigenised an existing vaccine conversation program. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous people were recruited to workshops delivered either online or face to face.

Tracing value from social determinant solutions.

We develop and illustrate a framework to trace value from social determinants of health (SDOH) interventions across 4 dimensions: health, cost and quality, engagement, and equity. To provide context, we begin by estimating the societal value lost to premature deaths from homelessness and food insecurity, using recent longitudinal methods that offer greater precision. We then apply the value tracing framework to 2 example interventions: permanent supportive housing for chronically homeless people and medically tailored meals for dual eligibles.

Soluble Immune Checkpoint Protein and Lipid Network Associations with All-Cause Mortality Risk: Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Program.

Adverse cardiovascular events are emerging with the use of immune checkpoint therapies in oncology. Using datasets in the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine program (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, Jackson Heart Study [JHS], and Framingham Heart Study), we examined the association of immune checkpoint plasma proteins with each other, their associated protein network with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and the association of HDL-C- and LDL-C-associated protein networks with all-cause mortality risk. Plasma levels of LAG3 and HAVCR2 showed statistically significant associations with mortality risk.