Estimated human intake of endogenous and exogenous hormones from beef in the United States.

Background: Endogenous and exogenous hormones may be present in beef. Human consumption of hormones has been linked to adverse health effects.

Objective: To estimate daily intake of hormonal growth promotants (HGP) from beef consumed by the US population.

Utilising accessible and reproducible neurological assessments in clinical studies: Insights from use of the Neurological Impairment Scale in the multi-centre COVID-CNS study.

Reproducible and standardised neurological assessment scales are important in quantifying research outcomes. These scales are often performed by non-neurologists and/or non-clinicians and must be robust, quantifiable, reproducible and comparable to a neurologist's assessment. COVID-CNS is a multi-centre study which utilised the Neurological Impairment Scale (NIS) as a core assessment tool in studying neurological outcomes following COVID-19 infection.

Prevalence and burden of asthma among US working adults by industry and occupation-United States, 2020-2021.

Objectives: Assess the prevalence of current asthma, asthma attacks/episodes, and asthma-related emergency room (ER) visits by industry and occupation and estimate the proportion of current asthma cases associated with employment during 2020-2021.

Methods: The 2020-2021 National Health Interview Survey data for persons aged ≥18 years who were employed at any time during the 12 months prior to the interview were analyzed.

Results: An estimated 12.

Medical costs and incremental medical costs of asthma among workers in the United States.

Background: Asthma, a chronic respiratory disease, is associated with high economic burden. This study estimates per-worker medical and incremental medical costs associated with treated asthma by socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, industries, medical events, and sources of payments for workers aged ≥18 years.

Methods: We analyzed Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data from 2018 to 2020 to assess medical costs for treated asthma among workers using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification code for asthma (J45).