Enhancing identification and counseling skills of dental undergraduate students using a customized Tobacco Counseling Training Module (TCTM) - A piloting of the process using ADDIE framework.

Background: Tobacco use has emerged as a major public health problem. But, most graduates in medical and dental schools receive limited systematic training. The objective of this education innovation project was to enhance dental undergraduate student's ability to identify tobacco users through oral manifestations and improve their counseling skills using a customized Tobacco Counseling Training Module (TCTM).

Needs assessment of ophthalmology education for undergraduate medical students - A study from a medical college in South India.

Background: Adequate ophthalmic diagnostic and clinical skills are essential for practitioners in primary care settings as well as specialty care physicians. The objectives of this study were to assess the adequacy of ophthalmology teaching in undergraduate medical education and to evaluate the comfort of medical students in diagnosing common eye problems and performing ophthalmic skills.

Methods: A questionnaire based, cross-sectional survey was conducted among third-year undergraduate students from a medical college in South India at the end of ophthalmology training from February 2014 to December 2014.

Pretreatment technologies for industrial effluents: Critical review on bioenergy production and environmental concerns.

The implementation of different pretreatment techniques and technologies prior to effluent discharge is a direct result of the inefficiency of several existing wastewater treatment methods. A majority of the industrial sectors have known to cause severe negative effects on the environment. The five major polluting industries are the paper and pulp mills, coal manufacturing facilities, petrochemical, textile and the pharmaceutical sectors.