Quantifying Additional Procedures in Functionally Single-Ventricle Disease: A National Cohort Study.

Background: Given their importance as a metric for health care evaluation, this study's aim was to evaluate the rates of surgical and catheter reinterventions for children with functionally single-ventricle (f-SV) congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing staged palliation.

Methods: We undertook a retrospective cohort study of children born with f-SV CHD between 2000 and 2018 in England and Wales, using the national registry, with survival ascertained in 2020. Competing risk analysis was used to describe the incidence of additional procedures that occurred first, during follow-up, accounting for competing events of death or transplantation.

Evaluating Harms Associated with Prolonged Antibiotic Duration of Therapy in Community Dwelling Older Adults: A Cohort Study using Instrumental Variable Analysis.

Background: Shorter courses of antibiotic therapy are increasingly recommended to reduce antibiotic exposure. However quantifying the real-world impact of duration of therapy is hindered by bias common in observational studies. We aimed to evaluate the harms and benefits of longer versus shorter duration of therapy in older adults.

KRASG12D drives immunosuppression in lung adenocarcinoma through paracrine signaling.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. New targeted therapies against the once-deemed undruggable oncogenic KRAS are changing current therapeutic paradigms. However, resistance to targeted KRAS inhibitors almost inevitably occurs; resistance can be driven by tumor cell-intrinsic changes or by changes in the microenvironment.

Life after Pelvic Exenteration for Rectal Cancer: The Patient and Carer Perspective on Long Term Consequences and Survivorship.

Objective: To explore the perspectives and experiences of patients and carers living with the long-term consequences of pelvic exenteration.

Summary Background Data: Pelvic exenteration is accepted as the standard of care for selected patients with locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer. With contemporary 5-year survival reported at 40-60%, the number of long-term survivors is expected to increase.