Retention of knowledge after repeated virtual world CPR training in high school students.

We investigated the retention of knowledge and skills after repeated Virtual World MOS (VWMOS) team training of CPR in high school students. An experimental group of 9 students were compared to a control group of 7 students. Both groups initially received traditional CPR training and the experimental group also received 2 VWMOS sessions six months apart.

Virtual worlds for teaching the new CPR to high school students.

In this study we created a virtual 3D world for learning to manage medical emergencies and evaluated it with 24 high school students in the USA and Sweden. We found that students in both groups felt immersed and found the online simulation easy to use. Scores for flow and self-assessed flow were significantly higher for the RHS group as compared to the HG group (p=.

Tail pinch increases acetylcholine release in rat striatum even after toluene exposure.

The effect of tail pinch on acetylcholine release in the striatum of freely moving rats was studied by microdialysis immediately after inhalation exposure to toluene (2000 ppm, 2 h) or exposure to air only. It has recently been found that toluene increases extracellular dopamine levels while decreasing acetylcholine release, and that dopamine uptake inhibition increases both extracellular dopamine levels and acetylcholine release, suggesting that toluene decreases acetylcholine release by a dopamine-independent mechanism. The present experiment was an attempt to study if a behaviourally induced increase of extracellular dopamine differs from that induced by toluene in affecting striatal acetylcholine release.

Are the effects of toluene on the vestibulo and opto-ocular motor system inhibited by the action of GABAB antagonist CGP 35348?

The acute effects of toluene and a selective GABAB-antagonist, CGP 35348, on the vestibulo and opto-ocular motor (VOOM) system in rats were investigated by recording of compensatory eye-movements during vestibular and optokinetic stimulations. It has previously been demonstrated that toluene enhances the performance of the basic vestibulo-oculomotor reflex (VOR) and depresses the effects of the visual input to this reflex. It has been proposed that these effects are caused by alterations of the GABA-transmission system in the cerebellum.

Acute toluene exposure decreases extracellular gamma-aminobutyric acid in the globus pallidus but not in striatum: a microdialysis study in awake, freely moving rats.

Intracerebral brain microdialysis was performed in awake, freely moving rats to study the effect of acute inhalation exposure of toluene (2000 ppm, 2 h) on extracellular levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) within the globus pallidus and the striatum. GABA within the globus pallidus decreased (20%) during and after (26%) exposure to toluene, while no reduction was seen in the striatal GABA level during exposure. After the exposure there was a tendency towards an increase (maximally 37%) in striatal GABA.