Bonding and debonding characteristics of APC-plus clarity brackets compared to APC clarity brackets.

Aim: To investigate whether adding light-sensitive pigments (APC-Plus) has a significant effect on the times required for placing and debonding brackets compared with conventional APC brackets.

Methods: Eighty extracted human permanent central incisors were bonded with APC ceramic brackets and APC-Plus ceramic brackets by four clinicians, and the times required were recorded. After thermocycling, the brackets were debonded.

Apical leakage in maxillary type IV premolars with three different endodontic treatments.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability in orthogradely filled, apicoectomised and retrogradely filled maxillary premolars with two canals and two separate apical foramina. The root canals of 51 extracted maxillary premolars of type IV were uniformly shaped and filled by means of lateral condensation and subsequently randomly divided into three groups of 17 teeth each. The teeth of groups II and III received an apicoectomy.

[Apical thickness of root fillings in upper premolars. A comparison of orthograde-filled, apicoectomized and retrograde-filled teeth].

The objective of this study was to compare the apical leakage in root canal filled, apicectomised and retrogradely filled maxillary single rooted premolars with two canals of type II configuration. For this purpose the root canals of 51 maxillary type II premolars were shaped to size ISO #55, followed by a step-back preparation to size ISO #80. Subsequently, all teeth were obturated by means of lateral condensation and randomly divided into three groups, 17 teeth each.