Nebulizers.

Nebulizers generate aerosols from liquid-based solutions and suspensions. Nebulizers are particularly well suited to delivering larger doses of medication than is practical with inhalers and are used with a broad range of liquid formulations. When the same drug is available in liquid or inhaler form, nebulizers are applicable for use with patients who will not or cannot reliably use a pressurized metered-dosed inhaler (pMDI) or dry powder inhaler (DPI) due to poor lung function, hand-breath coordination, cognitive abilities (e.

Palmitic Acid-Induced Long Noncoding RNA Regulates Inflammation via Interaction With RNA-Binding Protein ELAVL1 in Monocytes and Macrophages.

Background: Obesity and diabetes are associated with elevated free fatty acids like palmitic acid (PA), which promote chronic inflammation and impaired inflammation resolution associated with cardiometabolic disorders. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in inflammatory processes; however, their roles in PA-regulated inflammation and resolution are unclear.

Methods: We performed RNA-sequencing analysis to identify PA-regulated coding genes and novel lncRNAs in CD14 monocytes from healthy volunteers.

Progress in spatial resolution of structural analysis by cryo-EM.

Since the Human Genome Project, drug discovery via structure-based drug design and development has significantly accelerated. Therefore, generating high-resolution structural information from biological macromolecules and macromolecular complexes, such as proteins and nucleic acids, is paramount in structural biology, medicine and the pharmaceutical industry. Recently, electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) has undergone a technological revolution and attracted much attention in the structure-based drug discovery pipeline.

Angiotensin II-Induced Long Non-Coding RNA Regulates Chondrogenesis in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in Angiotensin II (AngII) signaling but their role in chondrogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is unknown. We describe a novel AngII-induced lncRNA (Angiotensin II-induced lncRNA in VSMCs eliciting chondrogenic phenotype) implicated in VSMC chondrogenesis. In rat VSMCs, and the nearby gene , a chondrogenic marker, were induced by growth factors AngII and PDGF and the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α.