Single-cell RNA sequencing of liver fine-needle aspirates captures immune diversity in the blood and liver in chronic hepatitis B patients.

Background And Aims: HBV infection is restricted to the liver, where it drives exhaustion of virus-specific T and B cells and pathogenesis through dysregulation of intrahepatic immunity. Our understanding of liver-specific events related to viral control and liver damage has relied almost solely on animal models, and we lack useable peripheral biomarkers to quantify intrahepatic immune activation beyond cytokine measurement. Our objective was to overcome the practical obstacles of liver sampling using fine-needle aspiration and develop an optimized workflow to comprehensively compare the blood and liver compartments within patients with chronic hepatitis B using single-cell RNA sequencing.

The role of biofilm formation in the pathogenesis and antimicrobial susceptibility of .

(previously known as ) is frequently found on lipid-rich parts of the human skin. While is most known for its role in the development and progression of the skin disease acne, it is also involved in many other types of infections, often involving implanted medical devices. readily forms biofilms and there is growing evidence that biofilm formation by this Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic micro-organism plays an important role and is also involved in treatment failure.

Porphyrins produced by acneic strains activate the inflammasome by inducing K leakage.

Some subgroups dominate on healthy skin, whereas others are frequently acne associated. Here we provide mechanistic insights into this difference, using an anaerobic keratinocyte-sebocyte- co-culture model. An acneic strain as well as its porphyrins activates NRLP3 inflammasome assembly, whereas this was not observed with a non-acneic strain.

Phylotype I and II Strains Interact Differently With Human Skin Cells.

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin disorders and affects the pilosebaceous units. Although the exact pathogenesis of acne is still unknown, (formerly known as ) is considered one of the key contributing factors. In fact, a significant association exists between strains belonging to phylotype I and acne.

Digging deeper in the differential effects of inflammatory and psychosocial stressors in remitted depression: Effects on cognitive functioning.

Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) covers a wide spectrum of symptoms, including cognitive dysfunction, which can persist during remission. Both inflammatory states and psychosocial stress play a role in MDD pathogenesis.

Methods: The effects of inflammatory (i.