Molecular recognition requires dimerization of a VHH antibody.

Camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies are a unique class of antibody that possesses only a single variable domain (termed VHH) for antigen recognition. Despite their apparent canonical mechanism of target recognition, where a single VHH domain binds a single target, an anti-caffeine VHH has been observed to possess 2:1 stoichiometry. Here, the structure of the anti-caffeine VHH/caffeine complex enabled the generation and biophysical analysis of variants that were used to better understand the role of VHH homodimerization in caffeine recognition.

The mediating role of coping self-efficacy on social support and PTSD symptom severity among injury survivors.

Background: Social support confers a protective effect against elevated PTSD symptomatology following injury. However, little is known about the mechanisms through which social support conveys this protective mental health effect in injury survivors. Coping self-efficacy is linked to both social support and PTSD symptomatology but has not been examined.

Indigenous-led First Peoples health interprofessional and simulation-based learning innovations: mixed methods study of nursing academics' experience of working in partnership.

: Collaborative, Indigenous-led pedagogical and research approaches in nursing education are fundamental to ensuring culturally safe curriculum innovations that address institutional racism. These approaches privilege, or make central, Indigenous worldviews in the ways healthcare practices are valued and assessed. With the aim of informing excellence in cultural safety teaching and learning, and research approaches, this study draws on the experiences and key learnings of non-Indigenous nursing academics in the collaborative implementation of First Peoples Health interprofessional and simulation-based learning (IPSBL) innovations in an Australian Bachelor of Nursing (BN) program.

Biology of an Adventive Population of the Armored Scale a Biological Control Agent of in California.

(giant reed) is invasive in Mediterranean, sub-, and tropical riparian systems worldwide. The armored scale is approved for biocontrol in North America, but an adventive population was recently discovered in southern California. We documented this population's distribution, phylogeny, phenology, potential host spillover to .

Competition between N and O: use of diazine -oxides as a test case for the Marcus theory rationale for ambident reactivity.

The preferred site of alkylation of diazine -oxides by representative hard and soft alkylating agents was established conclusively using the H-N HMBC NMR technique in combination with other NMR spectroscopic methods. Alkylation of pyrazine -oxides ( and ) occurs preferentially on nitrogen regardless of the alkylating agent employed, while -methylation of pyrimidine -oxide () is favoured in its reaction with MeOTf. As these outcomes cannot be explained in the context of the hard/soft acid/base (HSAB) principle, we have instead turned to Marcus theory to rationalise these results.