Clinical High-Resolution Imaging of the Inner Ear by Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).

Purpose: Imaging of the delicate inner ear morphology has become more and more precise owing to the rapid progress in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, in clinical practice, the interpretation of imaging findings is hampered by a limited knowledge of anatomical details which are frequently obscured by artifacts. Corresponding review articles are as rare in journals as they are in reference books.

[Skull base surgery in the German DRG system-New categorization of important procedures].

Surgery of the skull base includes interventions between the nose or paranasal sinuses (anterior skull base) or ear/temporal bone (lateral skull base) and the intracranial space. As interventions at the anterior skull base almost exclusively involve complex pathologies in a demanding anatomical region, in many cases two experienced surgeons from different disciplines are required who should be experienced in operating together. The technical and time requirements are also considerable in many cases; however, for many procedures there are no specific skull base operational and procedural keys (OPS) codes that take the considerable personnel and structural effort into account.

German guidelines on community-acquired acute bacterial meningitis in adults.

Introduction: The incidence of community-acquired acute bacterial meningitis has decreased during the last decades. However, outcome remains poor with a significant proportion of patients not surviving and up to 50% of survivors suffering from long-term sequelae. These guidelines were developed by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie (DGN) under guidance of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) to guide physicians through diagnostics and treatment of adult patients with acute bacterial meningitis.

Endovascular intervention in treatment of refractory epistaxis.

Objective: Angiographic embolization is an established method of treating intractable cases of posterior epistaxis. This study aimed to test the effectiveness and safety of this method in treating cases refractory to conservative methods.

Methods: A descriptive retrospective analysis of consecutive cases referred to the department of interventional radiology with refractory epistaxis from January 2001 to December 2018 and received a selective angiographic embolization of the sphenopalatine artery was done.

Auditory Brainstem Implants-Hearing Restoration in Congenitally Deaf Children.

Background: Children who are born deaf can learn to hear and to speak with the aid of a cochlear implant (CI). If the implantation of a CI is not possible for anatomical reasons, an auditory brainstem implant (ABI) is the only surgical option for auditory rehabilitation. It is estimated that about 5 to 45 children could potentially benefit from this treatment in Germany each year.