Identification of potent odorants in different cultivars of snake fruit [Salacca zalacca (Gaert.) Voss] using gas chromatography-olfactometry.

Three cultivars of snake fruits, Pondoh Hitam, Pondoh Super, and Gading, were freshly extracted using liquid-liquid extraction. The aroma compounds of the three samples were analyzed by GC-MS and GC-olfactometry using the nasal impact frequency (NIF) method. A total of 24 odor-active compounds were associated with the aroma of snake fruit.

Abnormal drainage of the middle cardiac vein (V. cordis media).

The middle cardiac vein (V. cordis media) which is known to be one of the tributaries of the coronary sinus (Sinus coronarius) is found to open into the left atrium in a 79 years old female cadaver. The ostium is guarded by a semilunar (crescent shaped) valve.

[Vascular endothelium (review). I. General morphology. 2A: histogenesis of the vascular endothelium].

Determination, differentiation, and specialization of vascular endothelium are the main steps of its histogenesis. The source of the first determined endothelioblasts are condensed mesenchymal cells (blood islands) at the yolk sac (extraembryonal) and also in the intraembryonal mesenchyme. The term of determination is not yet known.

[Vascular endothelium--a review. I. General morphology of the vascular endothelium].

The vascular endothelium as a monolayer interposed between blood/lymph and interstitial fluid realizes different functions as continuous circulation of blood/lymph, processes of clotting, fibrinolysis and antithrombotic surface properties, some aspects of defense, inflammation, different synthetic activities, and establishing of exchange pathways and barriers for several substances. This survey will be presented as a sequence of 6 single articles. The 1st one deals with the general morphology of vascular endothelium.