Increased Muc5AC and Decreased Ciliated Cells in Severe Asthma Partially Restored by Inhibition of IL-4Rα Receptor.

The role of IL-13 on the airway epithelium in severe asthma leading to airway remodeling remains poorly understood. To study IL-13-induced airway remodeling on goblet cells and cilia in the airway epithelium in severe asthma and the impact of an anti-IL4Rα antibody, dupilumab, . Quantitative computed tomography of the lungs and endobronchial biopsies and brushings were obtained in 51 participants (22 with severe asthma, 11 with nonsevere asthma, and 18 healthy participants) in SARPIII (Severe Asthma Research Program III) and measured for mucin and cilia-related proteins.

Dissemination and implementation research coordination and training to improve cardiovascular health in people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: the research coordinating center of the HLB-SIMPLe Alliance.

As global adoption of antiretroviral therapy extends the lifespan of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) through viral suppression, the risk of comorbid conditions such as hypertension has risen, creating a need for effective, scalable interventions to manage comorbidities in PLHIV. The Heart, Lung, and Blood Co-morbiditieS Implementation Models in People Living with HIV (HLB-SIMPLe) Alliance has been funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and the Fogarty International Center (FIC) since September 2020. The Alliance was created to conduct late-stage implementation research to contextualize, implement, and evaluate evidence-based strategies to integrate the diagnosis, treatment, and control of cardiovascular diseases, particularly hypertension, in PLHIV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Azithromycin therapy in infants hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: Airway matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels and subsequent recurrent wheeze.

Background: Early life respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is a significant risk factor for childhood asthma. In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that decreasing levels of airway matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 during RSV bronchiolitis may be associated with clinical benefits.

Objective: To investigate whether azithromycin therapy during severe RSV bronchiolitis reduces upper airway MMP-9 levels, whether upper airway MMP-9 levels correlate with upper airway interleukin IL-8 levels, and whether MMP-9 level reduction is associated with reduced post-RSV recurrent wheeze (RW).

Use of Quantitative CT Imaging to Identify Bronchial Thermoplasty Responders.

Background: Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is a treatment for patients with poorly controlled, severe asthma. However, predictors of treatment response to BT are defined poorly.

Research Question: Do baseline radiographic and clinical characteristics exist that predict response to BT?

Study Design And Methods: We conducted a longitudinal prospective cohort study of participants with severe asthma receiving BT across eight academic medical centers.