Mutant huntingtin protein decreases with CAG repeat expansion: implications for therapeutics and bioassays.

Huntington's disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion that encodes a polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin (HTT) protein. The mutant CAG repeat is unstable and expands in specific brain cells and peripheral tissues throughout life. Genes involved in the DNA mismatch repair pathways, known to act on expansion, have been identified as genetic modifiers; therefore, it is the rate of somatic CAG repeat expansion that drives the age of onset and rate of disease progression.

Experience in the use of circular incision bi-pedicled vertical flap based mastectomy for grade III gynecomastia: A case series.

Introduction And Importance: Surgical management of grade III gynecomastia with excess redundant skin is challenging. The choice of the surgical technique is mainly decided upon the size of the gynecomastia, the skin redundancy and correction of nipple position.

Case Presentation: We report our experience in the use of the circular incision bi-pedicled vertical flap based mastectomy for grade III gynecomastia according to Simon classification.

Comprehensive insights into oral squamous cell carcinoma: Diagnosis, pathogenesis, and therapeutic advances.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered the most common type of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) as it holds 90 % of HNSCC cases that arise from multiple locations in the oral cavity. The last three decades witnessed little progress in the diagnosis and treatment of OSCC the aggressive tumor. However, in-depth knowledge about OSCC's pathogenesis, staging & grading, hallmarks, and causative factors is a prime requirement in advanced diagnosis and treatment for OSCC patients.

Attempted one anastomosis gastric bypass converted to a sleeve gastrectomy in an adult patient with asymptomatic intestinal malrotation: A case report.

Unexpected encounters during surgery for obesity such as midgut malrotation cause specific technical challenges to the surgeon. We present a rare case of asymptomatic complete intestinal malrotation midway during a one anastomosis gastric bypass procedure. A 62-year-old male with a body mass index of 49 kg/m and metabolic syndrome was planned for one anastomosis gastric bypass.