Clinical features at diagnosis and responses to antithyroid drugs in younger children with Graves' disease compared with adolescent patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and effects of antithyroid drugs in younger children with Graves' disease (GD).

Design: A retrospective and collaborative study.

Setting: Nine facilities in Chiba prefecture, Japan.

Higher dose of methimazole causes frequent adverse effects in the management of Graves' disease in children and adolescents.

Objective: Methimazole (MMI) is used as a first-line antithyroid drug in children and adolescents with Graves' disease (GD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the initial dose of MMI and the clinical course of GD after treatment.

Design: Retrospective and collaborative study.

Clinical and genetic characteristics of XIAP deficiency in Japan.

Deficiency of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) caused by XIAP/BIRC4 gene mutations is an inherited immune defect recognized as X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2. This disease is mainly observed in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) often associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. We described nine Japanese patients from six unrelated families with XIAP deficiency and studied XIAP protein expression, XIAP gene analysis, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell counts, and the cytotoxic activity of CD8(+) alloantigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Comparison of methimazole and propylthiouracil in the management of children and adolescents with Graves' disease: efficacy and adverse reactions during initial treatment and long-term outcome.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and adverse reactions during initial treatment and long-term outcome between children and adolescents with Graves' disease (GD) treated with propylthiouracil (PTU) and those treated with methimazole (MMI).

Design, Setting And Participants: Retrospective and collaborative study. Children and adolescents with GD were divided into group M (MMI: n=64) and group P (PTU: n=69) and into four subgroups by initial dose: group M1 (<0.