Primary care Screening Questionnaire for Depression: reliability and validity of a new four-item tool.

Background: Unidentified depression in primary care is a public health concern, globally. There is a need for brief, valid and easily administered tools in primary care.

Aims: To estimate reliability and validity of the newly developed Primary care Screening Questionnaire for Depression (PSQ4D), a four-item tool, with 'yes' or 'no' options.

Influence of cultivar and maturity at harvest on the essential oil composition, oleoresin and [6]-gingerol contents in fresh ginger from northeast India.

Severe flooding of the Brahmaputra River during the monsoon season and continuous rainfall in the northeast region (NER) of India cause an enormous loss of ginger crop every year. In this context, the present study investigates the variation in the essential oil composition and oleoresin and [6]-gingerol contents in 10 different fresh ginger cultivars harvested at 6- and 9-month maturity from five different states of NER. Monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and citral composition in the essential oil were evaluated to ascertain their dependence upon the maturity of ginger.

Antibiotics & glycosaminoglycan metabolism in rats.

The administration of antibiotics to rats resulted in significant alteration in the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). The concentrations of the total GAG and most of the fractions increased in the aorta and liver in rats given tetracycline and cephalosporin, but decreased in ampicillin and streptomycin treated groups. The activity of biosynthetic enzymes of GAG in the liver increased significantly with all the antibiotics administered, except streptomycin.

Action of sahacharadi yoda in khanja and pangu.

Pangu. is a disease caused by vitiated Vata. It is described among 80 Vata rogas.