Pembrolizumab as first-line treatment for recurrent and metastatic head and neck cancer - real-world single-centre data.

Background And Purpose: The randomised clinical trial KEYNOTE-048 has demonstrated a significant increase in survival for patients with head and neck cancer treated with pembrolizumab with or without chemotherapy. The purpose of the present retrospective study was to investigate whether survival in a group of consecutive patients treated at our department was comparable to the results from KEYNOTE-048.

Patients/material And Methods: Seventy-six patients initiated treatment with pembrolizumab ± platinum/5-FU between July 2020 and May 2022.

Criteria to clear polytrauma patients with traumatic brain injury for safe definitive surgery (<24 h).

Introduction: Optimizing treatment strategies in polytrauma patients is a key focus in trauma research and timing of major fracture care remains one of the most actively discussed topics. Besides physiologic factors, associated injuries, and injury patterns also require consideration. For instance, the exact impact and relevance of traumatic brain injury on the timing of fracture care have not yet been fully investigated.

Effects of noise and metabolic cost on cortical task representations.

Cognitive flexibility requires both the encoding of task-relevant and the ignoring of task-irrelevant stimuli. While the neural coding of task-relevant stimuli is increasingly well understood, the mechanisms for ignoring task-irrelevant stimuli remain poorly understood. Here, we study how task performance and biological constraints jointly determine the coding of relevant and irrelevant stimuli in neural circuits.

Control of Crystallization Pathways in the BiFeO-BiFeO System.

Bismuth ferrites, specifically perovskite-type BiFeO and mullite-type BiFeO, hold significant technological promise as catalysts, photovoltaics, and room-temperature multiferroics. However, challenges arise due to their frequent cocrystallization, particularly in the nanoregime, hindering the production of phase-pure materials. This study unveils a controlled sol-gel crystallization approach, elucidating the phase formation complexities in the bismuth ferrite oxide system by coupling thermochemical analysis and total scattering with pair distribution function analysis.

Radiocaesium and radiostrontium transfer to an insect herbivore and an insect detritivore through holometabolous development: A comparison between the cabbage butterfly (Pieris brassicae) and the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens).

The presence of the long-lived radionuclides Cs and Sr in ecosystems is a major environmental concern because bioavailable forms of the radionuclides are readily transferred to living organisms. The present study investigated how holometabolous insect development influences the fate of radiocaesium and radiostrontium by examining the behaviour of tracers (Cs and Sr) and stable elements during the larval feeding stage (21-23 days old), the pupal stage, and the adult stage. We aimed to evaluate the degree to which an herbivore or a detritivore food chain could serve as transfer pathways to higher trophic levels in terms of accumulation potential, and during which stage of development the accumulation potential is highest.