Automated Assessment of the Pulmonary Artery-to-Ascending Aorta Ratio in Fetal Cardiac Ultrasound Screening Using Artificial Intelligence.

The three-vessel view (3VV) is a standardized transverse scanning plane used in fetal cardiac ultrasound screening to measure the absolute and relative diameters of the pulmonary artery (PA), ascending aorta (Ao), and superior vena cava, as required. The PA/Ao ratio is used to support the diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD). However, vascular diameters are measured manually by examiners, which causes intra- and interobserver variability in clinical practice.

Robust Automated Mouse Micro-CT Segmentation Using Swin UNEt TRansformers.

Image-guided mouse irradiation is essential to understand interventions involving radiation prior to human studies. Our objective is to employ Swin UNEt TRansformers (Swin UNETR) to segment native micro-CT and contrast-enhanced micro-CT scans and benchmark the results against 3D no-new-Net (nnU-Net). Swin UNETR reformulates mouse organ segmentation as a sequence-to-sequence prediction task using a hierarchical Swin Transformer encoder to extract features at five resolution levels, and it connects to a Fully Convolutional Neural Network (FCNN)-based decoder via skip connections.

Clinical and Pathological Analysis of Perianal Paget's Disease: A Case Report and Review of 89 Cases.

Background/aim: Perianal Paget's disease (PPD) is an intraepithelial invasion of the perianal skin that is frequently associated with anorectal carcinoma. Rectal canal carcinoma with Pagetoid spread (PS) is a relatively rare disease, and few reports on its outcomes are available. The relatively rare nature of this disease makes the development of treatment recommendations difficult.

Excitable Ras dynamics-based screens reveal RasGEFX is required for macropinocytosis and random cell migration.

Excitable systems of eukaryotic chemotaxis can generate asymmetric signals of Ras-GTP-enriched domains spontaneously to drive random cell migration without guidance cues. However, the molecules responsible for the spontaneous signal generation remain elusive. Here, we characterized RasGEFs encoded in Dictyostelium discoideum by live-cell imaging of the spatiotemporal dynamics of Ras-GTP and hierarchical clustering, finding that RasGEFX is primarily required for the spontaneous generation of Ras-GTP-enriched domains and is essential for random migration in combination with RasGEFB/M/U in starved cells, and they are dispensable for chemotaxis to chemoattractant cAMP.

Two Cases of Menkes Disease With Similar Intracranial Arterial Tortuosity on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Menkes disease is an X-linked recessive genetically inherited metabolic disease caused by an ATP7A gene abnormality that gives rise to impaired copper absorption. Copper deficiency causes symptoms such as characteristic abnormalities in the hair and vascular disorders. Brain MRI findings include a high-signal intensity in the temporal lobe white matter on T2-weighted images and delayed myelination.