From Evidence-Based Implementation Guides to Meaningful Action: Public Health Practitioners Use Readiness Assessments to Build Bridges to Successful Community Prevention Implementation.

Readiness has been cited as a determining factor in whether a community can effectively implement, support, and sustain an initiative. Through readiness assessments and technical assistance, public health practitioners can be the bridge between the gap of reaching goals outlined in Healthy People 2030, or another funder's guides, and actionable, successful, implementation. Readiness assessments are practical tools for implementing change in public health.

Detection and Molecular Phylogenetic-Morphometric Characterization of Causal Agent of Gray Bulb Rot of Tulips and Bulbous Iris.

Gray bulb rot of tulips and bulbous iris is caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen, (). Sclerotia present in infected bulbs, as well as overwintering sclerotia in soil and field debris, are the primary sources of infection. A method for accurate and sensitive detection of from soil and infected bulbs, and estimation of inoculum threshold levels, is needed for the management of disease caused by this pathogen.

Genetic analysis reveals unprecedented diversity of a globally-important plant pathogenic genus.

Genus Botrytis contains approximately 35 species, many of which are economically-important and globally-distributed plant pathogens which collectively infect over 1,400 plant species. Recent efforts to genetically characterize genus Botrytis have revealed new species on diverse host crops around the world. In this study, surveys and subsequent genetic analysis of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60), DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit II (RPB2), and necrosis and ethylene-inducing proteins 1 and 2 (NEP1 and NEP2) genes indicated that Botrytis isolates collected from peony fields in the United States contained more species diversity than ever before reported on a single host, including up to 10 potentially novel species.

A Novel Phagomyxid Parasite Produces Sporangia in Root Hair Galls of Eelgrass (Zostera marina).

The objective of this study was to identify the parasite causing the formation of root hair galls on eelgrass (Zostera marina) in Puget Sound, WA. Microscopic and molecular analyses revealed that a novel protist formed plasmodia that developed into sporangia in root hair tip galls and released biflagellate swimming zoospores. Root hair galls were also observed in the basal section of root hairs, and contained plasmodia or formed thick-walled structures filled with cells (resting spores).

Characterization of phenotypic variation and genome aberrations observed among Phytophthora ramorum isolates from diverse hosts.

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that genome plasticity allows filamentous plant pathogens to adapt to changing environments. Recently, the generalist plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum has been documented to undergo irreversible phenotypic alterations accompanied by chromosomal aberrations when infecting trunks of mature oak trees (genus Quercus). In contrast, genomes and phenotypes of the pathogen derived from the foliage of California bay (Umbellularia californica) are usually stable.